СОЧ № Английский язык 11ОГН класс

Задание:

Read the text and complete the tasks.
Nanotechnology:
A revolution in production
A
We make nearly everything by tearing things apart. To make paper, trees are planted, chopped down and sent through our mills. This is often called a top-down method of production. But what if we could work from the bottom up? What if paper was constructed atom by atom, the smallest building blocks of life and matter? It is thought that nanotechnology is the way to do this. Nanotechnology is the science of creating objects on a level smaller than 100 nanometres, a scale 50,000 times smaller than a human hair. The aim of nanotechnology is the bottom-up production of virtually any material or object by assembling it one atom at a time.
B
Nanotechnology moved from idea to reality when tools such as the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope (STM) were developed by IBM Zurich. These microscopes do more than just let people see small things, they also allow atoms to be manipulated in a vacuum, liquid or gas. Individual atoms and molecules are probed by AFM to create three- dimensional images at the nanoscale level as the microscope is moved across the surface of an object. STMs can etch surfaces and move individual particles. Even more advanced tools for nanoscale growth and nanoparticle assembly are under development.

C
One of the problems in the field of nanotechnology is to develop self-replicating nanomachines or nanobots. Nanobots are miniature robots that work on the scale of atoms and molecules. One of the most anticipated uses of nanotechnology is the creation of medical nanobots. These nanobots will be used to manipulate other molecules, destroy cancer cells or construct nerve tissue atom by atom in order to end paralysis. Although they are made and function on the scale of atoms and molecules, nanobots will be able to work together to produce macroscale results. Precursor devices to nanobots have already been created; some can even walk. However, true nanobots have not yet been created.
D
Some environmentalists are concerned that nanobots may go wrong, leading to unlimited and uncontrolled self-replication. If this takes place, nanobots may destroy our ecosystem. While mankind must be careful to ensure that this does not occur, there is also the possibility that nanobots could form the ultimate environmentally – friendly recycling system. Nanobots may one day convert our mountains of trash and hazardous waste into useful products and beneficial materials.
Part 1. Read the passage and choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs A and B.
a. From theory to practice
b. Recycling with nanotechnology
c. Advantages and dangers of nanotechnology
d. An alternative method of production
e. Types of nanobots
1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
Part 2: Identify whether the statements are True, False or Not Given.
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage NOT GIVEN if the statement is not given in the passage
3. Bottom-up production is the science of small objects.
True/False/Not Given
4. The STM takes pictures of atoms and molecules
True/False/Not Given

5. Nanobots will need to communicate with the scientists who
control them.
True/False/Not Given
6. Nanobots could help us with the problems of pollution.
True/False/Not Given

Решение:

1d
2a

3False
4False
5Not given
6True