Listen to the Sports news on the radio again and answer either Yes or No for each question.

. Did Diego Garcia play well last year?
Yes
No
2. Does Diego Garcia know who he is playing in the final?
Yes
No
3. Was the weather in France nice today?
Yes
No
4. Was the weather in Tennessee nice today?
Yes
No
5. Are foreign players playing in the golf tournament?
Yes
No
6. Will the Jaguar driver start in first position in the race tomorrow?
Yes
No
7. You bet $10 on a victory for Pittsburgh. Are you happy today?
Yes
No
8. Did Chicago win today?
Yes
No

As a prewriting stage, ask learners to complete the graphic organizer below to make sure they have a clear vision of the problem itself.
Work in pairs and complete the graphic organizer below. Write problems related to global warming and think of effective solutions. You should mention at least 2 problems and realistic solutions.

Drafting.
Write a problem solution essay addressing the topic below.

Global warming is one of the biggest threats humans face in the 21st Century and sea levels are continuing to rise at alarming rates. What problems are associated with this and what are some possible solutions.

In your essay you should:
• Decide how to organize your writing. Example: Identify the problem in the first paragraph, then lead up to your thesis statement and present the solution.
• Support your thesis with examples and details. Example: Use your lists of supporting information to back up your ideas about the best solution to the problem.
• Use topic related adjectives to describe the effects of global warming. Example: harming effects, urgent basis, renewable sources of energy etc.
• Write a strong conclusion. Example: Restate your ideas about the problem and its solution

Revising.
After completing your draft, read it again carefully to find ways to make your writing better. Here are some questions to ask yourself. Answer the questions by ticking the corresponding box.

Peer-assessment
Give feedback to your partner.Evaluate your partner`s problem-solution essay using the following rating scale:

Learners listen to the audio twice. Go to the link below to watch. The transcript can be found after the answer keys. https://www.listenaminute.com/n/natural_disasters.html

Listen to the audio and circle Yes (if they agree with the speaker`s viewpoint) or No (if they contradict the speaker`s viewpoint).

1. In ancient times there were more natural disasters than now. Yes/ No
2. Many natural disasters happen because of global warming. Yes/ No
3. Japan can deal with natural disasters because they have money. Yes/ No
4. African people suffer from natural disasters more because of weather. Yes/ No

Choose 1 natural disaster mentioned in the audio. Work in groups and make a presentation on a natural disaster. Use the video as an example. Use the rubrics below for peer-assessment.

Rubrics for your presentation.

Listen to the tape and write if the information is True (T) or False (F). Follow the link below to listen the audio (listen until 2.06) http://b779011024006a6071c1- 5c160b94f727c0d27cbeccc854542bc6.r78.cf1.rackcdn.com/B1_amazing_facts.mp3

1. Only about one tenth of the cells in your body are bacteria.

2. Bacteria are mostly helpful.

3. Animals need bacteria to digest food.

4. You have 7 million cells in your body.

5. Most of the atoms are empty.

6. Most of the atoms are tiny circles.

Read the article about scientific researches about volcanoes and complete the task below.
Collecting Information about Volcanoes Is Difficult

For most volcanoes, we don’t know enough. The last time volcano Agung erupted was in 1963. That was before we had all the tools we have today to measure it. Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991. Before that, it had not erupted for 500 years. In 1991, two months of changes came before the eruption. Ash burst from the top. The volcano’s shape changed. Earthquakes were bigger. They also happened more often. We know more about Mount St. Helens volcano in the U.S. Scientists have watched it for many years. They can now make good predictions about it. They know that if there are small earthquakes happening it will erupt in two weeks. We don’t know exactly what Agung volcano did before its 1963 eruption. These events could mean an eruption is coming in two weeks. Or, it could be months or even years.

Correct Predictions Are Important

Today, we use satellites to study volcanoes. Satellites give scientists a good look at the volcano from space. They can’t give smaller details, though. Satellites usually only pass over a given volcano once every week or two. The other tools we use cost a lot of money. We cannot have them everywhere. Predicting volcanic eruptions correctly is very important. If it erupts before people leave, they could die. They need to know before it happens. What if they leave and the volcano doesn’t erupt? That can be a different problem. This happened in Mammoth Mountain, California, in 1984. People stopped visiting. It cost money for everyone to leave. The community lost millions of dollars. The eruption never happened. To predict eruptions correctly, we need to know about each volcano. Without that, we have to compare with other volcanoes. Nothing beats really getting to know each volcano, though. (Tracy K.P. Gregg is a professor of geology at the State University of New York at Buffalo.)

Read and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

1. What do scientists know about Mount St. Helens volcano? [1] A) Small earthquakes will cause eruption. B) The shape of the volcano is changed. C) The last earthquakes were bigger. D) The last eruption was 500 years ago.
2. Which word could replace the word «predictions» WITHOUT changing the meaning of the first sentence? “They can now make good predictions about it. They know that if there are small earthquakes happening it will erupt in two weeks.” A) answers B) guesses C) tips D) truths
3. Which question is answered in these sentences? [1] Predicting volcanic eruptions correctly is very important. If it erupts before people leave, they could die. They need to know before it happens. A) How can people predict volcanoes’ eruption? B) What can happen if volcanoes erupt earlier than predicted? C) What can happen if volcanoes do not erupt at all? D) Where are the most dangerous volcanoes located?

Read the text and give a short answer.
4. What technology is used by scientist today to study volcanoes?

5. Why do NOT scientists use other kinds of technologies to study volcanoes?

6. Why is scientific prediction important for people?

Choose ONE topic and write an article.
Topic 1. Your school magazine is organising a competition for best articles among school learners. You have to write an article about latest scientific news. Your article should include the following information: — what exactly has happened; — the place where it occurred; — its potential effects/results.
Topic 2. Your school magazine is organising a competition for best articles among school learners. You have to write an article about a deadly natural disaster. Your article should include the following information: — the type of a natural disaster and its description; — the place where it occurred; — the description of its consequences.

If your group consists of 10-14 students, you can work as a whole group. If your students’ number is more than 15, you need to make two groups for speaking. Beforehand study the rules for Socrates seminar with your learners. Learners work as a whole class. Learners sit in a circle. Questions for discussion can be handed in advance to learners to have a look and think them over. This set of questions is not compulsory. Feel free to include class-discussed questions. No need to discuss all the suggested questions. Make notes in order to assess your learners and provide effective feedback later.
Work as a whole class or small groups. Choose any question you want to discuss with your peers. Start your speech. Mind the rules for Socratic seminars. Explain and justify your answers.

Rules for Socratic seminar  Treat one another respectfully.  This is a shared talk, NOT a debate.  Everyone needs to talk AND listen.  Do NOT talk over one another.  Do not raise hands. You can agree or disagree with the speaker on any points you want.  Address each other and NOT your teacher.  Ask questions. Before asking, “What do you think about it?” tell your own opinion.  Be courageous in presenting your own thoughts and reasoning, but be flexible and willing to change your mind in the face of new and compelling evidence.

Questions for discussion:  How many types of natural disaster can you name? Which is the worst?  What natural disasters are common in your country?  What is the best / worst natural disaster movie you have seen?  Think of three natural disasters. What can you do to stay safe during and after these natural disasters?  What is a difference between a hurricane, a typhoon, and a cyclone?  Which country has the most natural disasters?  Would you ever volunteer to help after a natural disaster hit? If yes, what would you like to volunteer to do? If no, why not?  How can technology lessen the damage caused by natural disasters?  What is your favourite science subject? Biology? Physics? Chemistry? Why?  How will science change the world in the next 100 years?  Do you like science?  What has science done for humankind?  What will science uncover in the next few decades?  What questions will science never answer?  What will the next big discovery in science be?  Why do children at school need to study science?

You can use the following phrases:

In my opinion/It is not my point of view …

I think …

In my view …

I agree with/do not agree with …

I see your point …

I support your view …

I take a different view …

Total

Listen to the conversation and mark if the statements (a-h) are True or False.
Follow the link to listen:https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1105/110519-blood_tests.mp3

a. A new blood test may answer a question that scares many of us. True False
b. The cost of the test will be around $7,000. True False
c. Telomeres in our body kill potentially deadly bacteria and cancer. True False
d. The new blood test will be of great interest to insurance companies. True False
e. The test could lead to developments that will fight heart disease. True False
f. A consultant said people should not be concerned about the test. True False
g. The consultant said we would change our lifestyle if they took the test. True False
h. The test inventor believes it’s not useful to know your biological age. True False

Make questions about the content of the conversation you would like to ask the class about. Ask your partner / group your questions.

To make it more interactive organize the “Inside-Outside Circle” activity. Inside and outside circles of learners face each other. Within each pair of facing learners, they quiz each other with questions they have written. Outside circle moves to create new pairs.

Transcript
Would you like to know when you’ll die? It’s a scary question for many, but one which could be answered using a new blood test. Spanish scientists have invented such a test that they say will estimate how much longer you will live. The $700 test measures the length of telomeres in our DNA. Telomeres control how often our cells divide to make new ones and are thus responsible for aging. They limit the length of our lifespan. The company behind the project, Life Length, says the test will give people an idea of the speed at which they are ageing and a prediction of when the end might come. Critics have been quick to attack the test. They say it is unethical, unreliable, and could lead to insurance firms demanding people take the test before issuing policies.
Researchers say the test could lead to breakthroughs in age-related illnesses such as Alzheimer’s and heart disease. Professor Jerry Shay, a consultant for Life Length, admitted people are right to be wary of the new test. He said: «People might say, ‘If I know I’m going to die in 10 years, I’ll spend all my money now’, or ‘If I’m going to live for 40 years, I’ll be more conservative in my lifestyle’. He added: «The worrying thing is that if this information ever got to a point where it is believable, insurance companies would start requiring it in terms of insuring people.” Maria Blasco, inventor of the test, believes it is important, saying: «It will be useful for you to know your biological age. Maybe you would change your lifestyle habits if you find you have short telomeres.»

Read the passage below and answer the questions.

DNA Fossil Unveils Another Species of Humans!
“Scientists have found the oldest DNA evidence yet of humans’ biological history. But instead of neatly clarifying human evolution, the finding is adding new mysteries.
In a paper in the journal Nature, scientists reported Wednesday that they had saved ancient human DNA from a fossil dating back about 400,000 years, shattering the previous record of 100,000 years.
The mismatch between the anatomical and genetic evidence surprised the scientists, who are now rethinking human evolution over the past few hundred thousand years. It is possible, for example, that there are many extinct human populations that scientists have yet to discover. Right now, we’ve basically generated a big question mark,” said Matthias Meyer, a geneticist at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, and a co-author of the new study.
Hints at new hidden difficulties in the human story came from a 400,000-year-old bone found in a cave in Spain called “the pit of bones”. The scientific team used new methods to extract the ancient DNA from the fossil. Finding such ancient human DNA was a major advance, said David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School who was not involved in the research. “That’s an amazing, game-changing thing,” he said. When Dr. Meyer and his colleagues found ancient human DNA inside they thought that it would be a very early Neanderthal,” Dr. Meyer said.
But the DNA did not match that of Neanderthals. Dr. Meyer then compared it to the DNA of the Denisovans, the ancient human lineage that he and his colleagues had discovered in Siberia in 2010. He was shocked to find that it was similar. Everybody had a hard time believing it at first, Dr. Meyer said. So we generated more and more data to nail it down. The extra research confirmed that the DNA belonged on the Denisovan branch of the human family tree. The new finding is hard to settle with the picture of human evolution that has been emerging based on fossils and ancient DNA…

1. The oldest DNA evidence found by scientists…
A. Added new questions about human evolution
B. Solved the problem of human evolution
C. Added more workload

2. The recent ancient human DNA from a fossil dating back about…
A. 100,000 years
B. 400, 000 years
C. 500, 000 years

3. There was the mismatch between the ___________and _______ evidence
A. Historical and biological
B. Anatomical and genetic
C. Historical and genetic

4. Where was the oldest DNA evidence called “the pit of bones” found?
A. Spain
B. USA
C. Russia

5. Scientists were __________ to find that “the pit of bones” and DNA of the Denisovans were similar.
A. Happy
B. Angry
C. Surprised

Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. Use modal verbs in your speech.
How does this new information relate to humans today? What is the importance?

Reference
The text is retrieved from https://esl-voices.com/dna-fossil-unveils-another-species-of-humans/

Remind the rules of debate. The roles are distributed.

Rules of debate

Team members
Each debate has 2 teams. One team is called the proposition. The other team is called the opposition. Each debate team has learners known as the first speaker for the team, the second speaker for the team, and the last learner is the team`s rebuttal speaker.

The Proposition Speakers:
• Provide the team`s definitions
• Provide clarifications
• Deliver substantive arguments in support of the motion
The Proposition Rebuttal Speaker:
• Defends definition (if challenged)
• Rebuts the Opposition`s substantive arguments
• Defends Proposition`s substantive arguments (if necessary)
• Provides quick summary of Proposition`s case
• Has option to run a constructive argument
The Opposition Speakers
• Provide the team`s definitions
• Provide clarifications
• Deliver substantive arguments against the motion
The Opposition Rebuttal speaker
• Re-changes definition (if challenged)
• Rebuts the Proposition’s substantive arguments
• Defends Opposition`s substantive arguments (if necessary)
• Provides quick summary of Opposition`s case

Ask learners to consider the following statement and develop arguments for further ideas and discussion.
Science is a threat to humanity
Consider the following statement and decide on the pros and cons in pairs.

Debate procedures for teachers to know.
1. Learners hear the topic and take positions (pro and con)
2. Teams discuss their topics and come up with statements
3. Teams deliver their statements and offer main points
4. Learners discuss the opposition`s argument and come up with rebuttals
5. Rebuttals delivered
6. Closing statements made

Speakers make their presentations in the following order. The time that is listed is the maximum amount for each speech.
• First speaker, proposition team 3 minutes
Cross-examination by the opposition team (only for clarification) 1 minute
• First speaker, opposition team 3 minutes
Cross-examination by the proposition team (only for clarification) 1 minute
• Second speaker, proposition team 3 minutes
Cross-examination by the opposition team (only for clarification) 1 minute
• Second speaker, opposition team 3 minutes
Cross-examination by the proposition team (only for clarification) 1 minute
• Learners discuss the opposition`s argument and come up with rebuttals 5 minutes
• Rebuttal speaker, opposition team 2 minutes
• Rebuttal speaker, proposition team 2 minutes

Discuss the topic ‘Science is a threat to humanity’ in your team and prepare your opening arguments. The speakers have 2-3 minutes to present their principal ideas. The listening team prepares notes to make rebuttal to the expressed opinions.
Your speech should:
• be clear and structured
• address the alternative viewpoint

While the debate is in progress, the teacher monitors and takes notes. At the end of the debate, the teacher proves feedback based on the notes.

Answer keys:
Task 2:
Suggested pros:
• New technologies have dissolved traditional families and led to creation of harmful new relationships.
• The manipulation of life is playing God.
• Science has created new means for the state to control the lives of its citizens.
• Science enables much greater destruction.
• Science leads to the damaging of the environment.

Suggested cons:
• Lives could be more rewarding because science helps to take control of our environment.
• Science is set of tools to improve humanity.
• Science allows humans to collaborate more effectively.
• Science saves and improves lives.

To activate learners’ background knowledge, get them name 6 patterns of organization.

Name the following 6 patterns of the text organization.

Read the passages below and match them with the corresponding graphic organizers. There are two extra graphic organizers.

1. The Age of the Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs existed about 250 million years ago to 65 million years ago. This era is broken up into three periods known as the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The Triassic Period lasted for 35 million years from 250-205 million years ago. Planet Earth was a very different place back then. All the continents were united to form one huge land mass known as Pangaea. The Jurassic Period was the second phase. The continents began shifting apart. The time scale for this famous period is from 205 to 138 million years ago. The Cretaceous Period was the last period of the dinosaurs. It spanned a time from 138 million to about 65 million years ago. In this period the continents fully separated. However, Australia and Antarctica were still united.

2.Creating a Dinosaur Sculpture Materials: pipe cleaners, clay, non-toxic paint
Wouldn’t you like a scary dinosaur model on your desk to protect your pencils and textbooks? You can easily make one by following these simple directions. First, bend your to make the frame of your dinosaur. I suggest you create a tyrannosaurus frame by using one long pipe cleaner as his neck, spine, and tail, and then bend another into a u-shape to make his feet. Wrap the feet around the spine piece. Next, roll out clay to wrap around the pipe cleaners. Let the clay dry overnight. The next day you may want to paint your dinosaur using non-toxic paint. His eyes should be white, but feel free to color your dinosaur as you wish. Nobody really knows how dinosaurs were colored, so don’t let anyone tell you that your dinosaur can’t be pink. Lastly, put him on your desk and watch as he or she scares away bullies and pencil thieves.

3.What Happened to the Dinosaurs?
There are many theories about why the dinosaurs vanished from the planet. One theory that many people believe is that a gigantic meteorite smashed into the Earth. Scientists believe that the meteorite was very big and that the impact may have produced a large dust cloud that covered the Earth for many years. The dust cloud may have caused plants to not receive sunlight and the large plant eaters, or herbivores, may have died off, followed by the large meat eaters, or carnivores. This theory may or may not be true, but it is one explanation as to why these giant reptiles no longer inhabit the Earth.

Choose a passage and draw an appropriate graphic organizer putting the information from the passage into it. The following graphic organizers are examples. Feel free to make changes if necessary.

To remind the structure of a newspaper article, get learners match the elements of an article with their definitions or functions.
Match the elements of an article with their definitions or functions.

Think of recent scientific discoveries and write an article to a teenage magazine. You should
 write a byline
 create a placeline
 create a catchy lead paragraph
 write in the 3rd person
 write the body (1-3 paragraphs)
 be ensure to include a quotation
 use different tenses

A byline – a line at the top of a magazine article giving the writer’s name
A placeline — where article is unfolded
A lead paragraph – contains most 5W and 1H (What? Who? Why? Where? When? How?). Makes reader want to read the rest of the article. Basic but important information.

Read your partners news report. Answer the following questions as you read through the article.
How did your peer do? How many ‘yes’ answers did you circle?

1. Is the article related to headline? YES NO
2. Areall 5 W’spresent? YES NO
3. Is there a quotation used? YES NO
4. Is third person narration used? YES NO
5. Are3paragraphsused? YES NO
6. Isthere a placeline? YES NO
7. Isthere a byline? YES NO
8. Is there a lead paragraph? YES NO
9. Are different tenses used? YES NO

To activate learners` background knowledge ask them the following questions.
• What is a quote/quotation?
• What is the difference between direct and indirect quotations?
• Where can see quotations?

This task can be done before writing an article to practice writing a direct quotation.
Work with your partner and take turns to answer the following questions. In your answer use:
• a variety of perfect tense forms including time adverbials like so far, lately, all my life.
Question for Student A: What will the next big discovery in science be?
Question for Student B: What will science uncover in the next few decades?

Complete the following worksheet to quote your partner.

To activate learners` schemata, ask them to brainstorm possible effects of volcanic eruptions on atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere before listening to the audio.

Work in pairs and discuss how volcanic eruptions can affect atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.

Learners listen to the audio twice. Transcript can be found after the answer keys. Go to this link to listen: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/collections/mount_st_helens#p00gzw7z
Listen to the news report. Circle True or False for the statement below.
1. Mount St. Helens is situated in the USA. True False
2. People had been asked to leave the area because the volcanic eruption was in progress. True False
3. Mount St. Helens burst alive three days ago. True False

Listen to the report again and complete the following sentences by inserting ONE word only:
1. Authorities in USA say Mount St Helens is ready to __________________.
2. Plumes of smoke and ___________________ are being forced into the sky.
3. Seismic data indicated new magma and _________are coming to the surface.
4. The alert level has been raised to Category __________________________.
5. When the volcano erupted previously ________________people were killed.
6. The ______ of people and the scientists are waiting to see what happens next.

Talk to your partner. Look at the list of natural disasters in the box and discuss the causes and results of each of them. What can we do to protect ourselves from events like this?

Read a newspaper article about a natural disaster. Choose from the sentences A-I the one which fits each gap 1-7. There is ONE EXTRA sentence which you do not need to use.

A. This in turn led to an explosion of violence which reduced the food supplies still further.
B. But the colonists refused to change their social system.
C. History is not man-made, it is the planet itself which shapes our destiny.
D. But none of this would have produced a revolution if the country had not been faced with famine.
E. Instead of improving their agriculture, their rulers fought endless wars to win more land.
F. This led to a massive lowering of temperature for several years.

Revolution that erupted from two volcanoes
Like the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, these eruptions blew large amounts of sulphurous ash into the atmosphere, partly blocking the sun`s rays and temporarily cooling the climate.
France in 1789 was already bankrupt because of a long war in America. The government was threatened by a plot to organise riots financed by an ambitious aristocrat who wanted to become king. 1___The result of the eruptions was several years of cold, wet weather in Europe. Two violent storms in 3788 and 1789 destroyed the harvest in many parts of the 20 country and the resulting shortage of corn was made worse by the Finance Minister`s refusal to import corn from abroad on the grounds that the state could not afford it.
2___ When the people of France saw wagons full of 25 com go through their village streets they said, ‘There is plenty of com, but not for us: it`s for the king, the aristocrats, the rich who have plenty to eat while we go hungry.’ And then the maddened people would throw the sacks of corn into the nearest river.
Another volcanic eruption — in Indonesia in April 1815 — may have helped cause Napoleon’s defeat at the battle of Waterloo. 3_____1816 was called the ‘year without a summer’. Torrential rains marked the beginning of the Waterloo campaign, creating 35 deep mud which for many hours prevented Napoleon from moving his big guns.
The French revolution is one of many examples where a change of climate was the final blow to an already threatened society.
40 The Little Ice Age, which started about AD 1400, threatened the Scandinavian colony in Greenland.4_____They might have survived if, instead of sticking to their aristocratic society, they had moved from farming to hunting, like the Eskimos who replaced them.
At about the same period the great civilization of the Mayas in Yucatan faced ever worsening droughts. 5____This had the opposite effect to that intended, since forcing people into the army meant they had to leave their land.

Find words or phrases in the article which mean:

• For a short time (paragraph 1) ____________________
• Financially ruined time (paragraph 2) ______________
• For the reason that (paragraph 2) __________________
• Made angry (paragraph 3) __________________
• Very heavy rain (paragraph 3) __________________

Before doing this task check task 3 as a whole class so that your learners know which words to use.
Make sentences with the words from the previous task. Pay attention to grammatical accuracy.

To create interest in the topic and activate learners’ schematic knowledge, ask learners to match natural disasters with corresponding pictures.
Match the pictures below with corresponding words in the box.

Work in pairs and decide which natural disasters happen in Kazakhstan. You should:
• use topic-related vocabulary. Example: violent storm, fatal outcomes, destroy, damage etc.
• support your answers with examples. Example: A calamitous flood destroyed many houses in Atbasar in 2016.

Work in pairs and discuss the following natural disasters which often occur in our country. Talk about causes, effects and possible solutions.

You should:
• use topic-related vocabulary. Example: violent storm, fatal outcomes, destroy, damage etc.
• use appropriate linkers to talk about causes, effects and possible solutions. Example: I guess it`s because…, So…, Because…, I suppose the best way to deal with this problem is…
• take turns when speaking and listen to others.

To activate and check learners` prior knowledge of the Aral Sea crisis, ask them to complete a K-W-L chart.
Work individually and complete a K-W-L chart on the Aral Sea problem writing what you know and want to know about the topic.

Ask learners to read the article below and identify the 3 Ts: title, topic and thesis.
Read the article below and answer the following questions.

1. Choose the best title for this article.
a) Fishermen and challenges they face
b) Waiting for the sea
c) The story of an old man

2. What is the topic of this article?
3. What is the thesis statement of this article?
4. Complete the graphic organizer according to the information presented in the text.

It took just 40 years for the Aral Sea to dry up. Fishing ports suddenly found themselves in a desert. But in one small part of the sea, water is returning.
Khojabay is a fisherman who lives in a desert. Almost everyone in his village used to fish for a living but in the 1970s the fish died, and the sea began to dry up. The Aral Sea, in Central Asia, used to be the fourth largest lake in the world, after the Caspian Sea, and Lakes Superior and Victoria. Now barely 10% of it is left. This must be one of the most dramatic alterations of the Earth’s surface for centuries.
For more than half Khojabay’s life, the sea provided one sixth of the fish eaten in the USSR. He became the skipper of a fishing boat.

“Catching 100kg was quite normal, and the fish were big and healthy – he remembers one that weighed 7kg. But he also remembers when things began to go wrong. His last catch in 1976, was a net full of dead fish. As the sea receded, the climate began to change.
“We used to grow melons and other crops. We ate them, sold them in the market and made money,” he says. “We grew clover for our cattle and barley for ourselves.”
But the rain stopped. Grass dried up, and the small freshwater lakes that once existed near the sea’s edge disappeared. Herds of antelope that used to roam the area dwindled to nothing. The summers became blisteringly hot, the winters bitingly cold. And just getting around became tough. In the old days everyone went from one fishing village to the next by boat. Now they get about by car – but there are barely any roads. Instead, sturdy 4x4s bump and shake their way over tracks across the former sea bed.
Khojabay still comes out of his house every day, and by instinct looks out where the sea ought to be. He knows he will never see it here again — but he has heard there is a chance that his 15-year-old grandson will.

Refer back to the K-W-L chart and ask learners to complete the last column.
Complete the last column in the K-W-L chart and write what you have learnt about the Aral Sea problem. Then compare your W to L column and say if your questions have been answered while reading.

Think in pairs and share what a good news report should include. Make a list of criteria as a class.

Inform learners that they are about to create a news report about a natural disaster. To provide a holistic picture of the activity, show an example video of a news report on natural disasters. The video can be found here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GZvRUmY5jDY
You are going to organize and present the evening news. First, watch an example video and comment on it using the criteria list you have created.

Work in groups of 3 and reflect on the vocabulary you are going to use when presenting your piece of news. Prepare your news presentations following the criteria below.
1. Targeting the audience
-voice. Broadcaster speaks with an appropriate volume and for the audience to here. Employs clear pronunciation. Uses non-monotonous, vocal expression to clarify the meaning of the text.
-eye contact. Eye contact with audience is engaging.
-face/body gestures. Expressively uses non-verbal communication to clarify the meaning of the text.

2. Basic story structure
-story has a clear and engaging opening;
-story`s sequence of events is easy for the listener to follow.
-story`s ending has a sense of closure.

3. Vocabulary
-tellers` choice of language is descriptive and articulate;
-topic-related vocabulary is used.

4. Creativity
-tellers creatively present the sequence of events;
-all group members are involved to act like on-the scene reporters and witnesses.

Assess each other according to the following form

To pre-teach possible blocking lexis, get learners match the words below to their definitions.
Match the words from the reading passage to their definitions.

1. smooth A. all into a jumbled or flattened mass through the force of external pressure
2. collapse B. destroy
3. rigid C. to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or association
4. velocity D. deficient in or devoid of flexibility
5. demolish E. even and uninterrupted in flow or flight
6. conduit F. quickness of motion
7. contaminate G. a natural or artificial channel through which something (such as a fluid) is conveyed

Read the following passages and determine the text structure. One text structure is extra.

1. The surface of the Earth is divided into pieces called “tectonic plates.” These plates move. When the plates rub against each other, they do not move smoothly. When the plates do not move smoothly, earthquakes result. Some parts of the world get more earthquakes than other parts. The parts of the earth that get most earthquakes are near the edges of these plates.
How is the text structured? _____________________________________________________________
2. Some countries, such as Japan, or parts of a country, like Almaty in Kazakhstan, have a lot of earthquakes. In these places it is a good practice to build houses and other buildings so they will not collapse when there is an earthquake. This is called seismic design or «earthquake-proofing».
How is the text structured? _____________________________________________________________
3. The ability of a building to withstand the stress of an earthquake depends upon its type of construction, shape, mass distribution, and rigidity. Different combinations are used. To reduce stress, first, the building’s ground floor must be flexible. One method is to support the ground floor with extremely rigid, hollow columns, while the rest of the building is supported by flexible columns located inside the hollow columns. A different method is to use rollers or rubber pads to separate the base columns from the ground, allowing the columns to shake parallel during an earthquake. Next, the outdoor walls should be made with stronger and more reinforced materials such as steel or reinforced concrete. Then, to help prevent collapsing, the roof should be made out of light-weight materials.
How is the text structured? _____________________________________________________________
4. Hurricane Katrina began as Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23, 2005. The depression later strengthened into a tropical storm on the morning of August 24 where the storm was also named Katrina. Katrina continued to move into Florida, and became a Category 1 hurricane only two hours before it made landfall around Hallandale Beach on the morning of August 25. The storm weakened over land, but became a hurricane again while entering the Gulf of Mexico.
How is the text structured? _____________________________________________________________
5. Have you ever wondered what the inside of a volcano looks like? Deep underground is a magma chamber. The magma chamber is under the bedrock of the earth’s crust. The conduit or pipe runs from the magma chamber to the top of the volcano. The conduit connects the magma chamber to the surface. Most volcanoes also have a crater at the top. Volcanoes are quite a sight, and you can enjoy this site all over the universe. Volcanoes are found on planets other than Earth, like the Olympus Mons on Mars.
How is the text structured? _____________________________________________________________

Use a cause and effect paragraph and put information from the text into the appropriate graphic organizer.

Think-Pair-Share. To activate learners` schemata, ask them to brainstorm problems related to global warming. First, learners formulate individual response, and then turn to a partner to share their answers. Call on several random pairs to share their answers with the whole class.
You have 1 minute to think of global warming and brainstorm its effects. Come up with as many effects as you can. Then turn to your partner and share your findings.

Listen a video. What do you think what issues are raised in the video? Support your ideas with reasons and examples from the video. Discuss your ideas in a class. Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlcaDhRu1AQ

Complete the chart below:

Summarize your ideas and write a short paragraph based on the completed chart.

Use: — comparative degree adverb structures (not as…as) and variety of adverbs such as often, just, quite, completely, last (time), however, a s a result — prepositions as, like correctly to indicate manner and adjectives and nouns such as satisfied with, relevant to, different from, enthusiastic about, comparison between, preference for, connection between.

Listen to the tape and write if the information is True (T) or False (F).

Follow the link below to listen the audio (listen until 2.06) http://b779011024006a6071c1- 5c160b94f727c0d27cbeccc854542bc6.r78.cf1.rackcdn.com/B1_amazing_facts.mp3

1. Only about one tenth of the cells in your body are bacteria.

2. Bacteria are mostly helpful.

3. Animals need bacteria to digest food.

4. You have 7 million cells in your body.

5. Most of the atoms are empty.

6. Most of the atoms are tiny circles.

Read the article about scientific researches about volcanoes and complete the task below.
Collecting Information about Volcanoes Is Difficult For most volcanoes, we don’t know enough. The last time volcano Agung erupted was in 1963. That was before we had all the tools we have today to measure it. Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991. Before that, it had not erupted for 500 years. In 1991, two months of changes came before the eruption. Ash burst from the top. The volcano’s shape changed. Earthquakes were bigger. They also happened more often. We know more about Mount St. Helens volcano in the U.S. Scientists have watched it for many years. They can now make good predictions about it. They know that if there are small earthquakes happening it will erupt in two weeks. We don’t know exactly what Agung volcano did before its 1963 eruption. These events could mean an eruption is coming in two weeks. Or, it could be months or even years.

Correct Predictions Are Important Today, we use satellites to study volcanoes. Satellites give scientists a good look at the volcano from space. They can’t give smaller details, though. Satellites usually only pass over a given volcano once every week or two. The other tools we use cost a lot of money. We cannot have them everywhere. Predicting volcanic eruptions correctly is very important. If it erupts before people leave, they could die. They need to know before it happens. What if they leave and the volcano doesn’t erupt? That can be a different problem. This happened in Mammoth Mountain, California, in 1984. People stopped visiting. It cost money for everyone to leave. The community lost millions of dollars. The eruption never happened. To predict eruptions correctly, we need to know about each volcano. Without that, we have to compare with other volcanoes. Nothing beats really getting to know each volcano, though. (Tracy K.P. Gregg is a professor of geology at the State University of New York at Buffalo.)

Read and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

1. What do scientists know about Mount St. Helens volcano?

A) Small earthquakes will cause eruption. B) The shape of the volcano is changed. C) The last earthquakes were bigger. D) The last eruption was 500 years ago.
2. Which word could replace the word «predictions» WITHOUT changing the meaning of the first sentence? “They can now make good predictions about it. They know that if there are small earthquakes happening it will erupt in two weeks.”

A) answers B) guesses C) tips D) truths
3. Which question is answered in these sentences? Predicting volcanic eruptions correctly is very important. If it erupts before people leave, they could die. They need to know before it happens.

A) How can people predict volcanoes’ eruption? B) What can happen if volcanoes erupt earlier than predicted? C) What can happen if volcanoes do not erupt at all? D) Where are the most dangerous volcanoes located?

Read the text and give a short answer.
4. What technology is used by scientist today to study volcanoes?

5. Why do NOT scientists use other kinds of technologies to study volcanoes?

6. Why is scientific prediction important for people?

Choose ONE topic and write an article.
Topic 1. Your school magazine is organising a competition for best articles among school learners. You have to write an article about latest scientific news. Your article should include the following information:

— what exactly has happened;

— the place where it occurred;

— its potential effects/results.
Topic 2. Your school magazine is organising a competition for best articles among school learners. You have to write an article about a deadly natural disaster. Your article should include the following information:

— the type of a natural disaster and its description;

— the place where it occurred;

— the description of its consequences.

If your group consists of 10-14 students, you can work as a whole group. If your students’ number is more than 15, you need to make two groups for speaking. Beforehand study the rules for Socrates seminar with your learners. Learners work as a whole class. Learners sit in a circle. Questions for discussion can be handed in advance to learners to have a look and think them over. This set of questions is not compulsory. Feel free to include class-discussed questions. No need to discuss all the suggested questions. Make notes in order to assess your learners and provide effective feedback later.

Work as a whole class or small groups. Choose any question you want to discuss with your peers. Start your speech. Mind the rules for Socratic seminars. Explain and justify your answers.

Rules for Socratic seminar  Treat one another respectfully.  This is a shared talk, NOT a debate.  Everyone needs to talk AND listen.  Do NOT talk over one another.  Do not raise hands. You can agree or disagree with the speaker on any points you want.  Address each other and NOT your teacher.  Ask questions. Before asking, “What do you think about it?” tell your own opinion.  Be courageous in presenting your own thoughts and reasoning, but be flexible and willing to change your mind in the face of new and compelling evidence.

Questions for discussion:  How many types of natural disaster can you name? Which is the worst?  What natural disasters are common in your country?  What is the best / worst natural disaster movie you have seen?  Think of three natural disasters. What can you do to stay safe during and after these natural disasters?  What is a difference between a hurricane, a typhoon, and a cyclone?  Which country has the most natural disasters?  Would you ever volunteer to help after a natural disaster hit? If yes, what would you like to volunteer to do? If no, why not?  How can technology lessen the damage caused by natural disasters?  What is your favourite science subject? Biology? Physics? Chemistry? Why?  How will science change the world in the next 100 years?  Do you like science?  What has science done for humankind?  What will science uncover in the next few decades?  What questions will science never answer?  What will the next big discovery in science be?  Why do children at school need to study science?

You can use the following phrases: In my opinion/It is not my point of view … I think … In my view … I agree with/do not agree with … I see your point … I support your view … I take a different view …

Learners first scan and skim the text quickly and say what the text is about, who the main characters are and what the main conflict of the story is about. Work in pairs. Read the text quickly and identify the following: — main idea of the text — main characters — main conflict The Legend of Medusa (Greek mythology)

1. Polydectes, an evil king of the island of Seriphos, fell madly in love with a beautiful woman named Danae. He wanted to marry her, but wanted nothing to do with her adult son, Perseus. Hoping to get rid of Perseus, Polydectes ruthlessly tricked the young man into brashly undertaking a deadly mission — to bring him the head of a dreaded monster called Medusa.

2. Medusa was one of three fearsome Gorgon sisters who lived far away in a secret hiding place. The sisters had brass claws, golden wings, boars’ tusks, and masses of hissing snakes for hair. Anyone who looked into their frightful faces instantly turned into stone.

3. Fortunately, the gods Athena and Hermes, as well as three nymphs, offered to help Perseus. Athena gave him a shiny bronze shield and Hermes gave him a sword that could not be bent by the Gorgons’ scales. The nymphs gave Perseus winged shoes so that he could fly, a cap that made him invisible, and a pouch in which to carry the Gorgon’s head.

4. Perseus flew first to the home of the aged ones. These three women, who were sisters to the Gorgons, were born with gray hair and shared a single eye and a tooth between them. Wearing his cap of invisibility, Perseus snatched the eye as one sister passed it to another. Threatening to keep the eye, Perseus coerced them into revealing the Gorgon’s secret hiding place.

5. Perseus arrived at the cave of the Gorgons, where, by good fortune, they were all asleep. In order to see Medusa without turning to stone, Perseus located her grotesque face in a reflection on his shiny shield. He swiftly cut off her head, dropped it into his bag, and fled from Medusa’s angry sisters. When Perseus returned to Seriphos, the evil Polydectes laughed at him and asked what was in his sack. Perseus pulled out the horrifying head of Medusa and turned Polydectes to stone. 6. Medusa’s severed head retained its power to turn people into stone, so Perseus carried it on many adventures, using it to defeat his enemies. Eventually, in gratitude for her protection, Perseus gave Medusa’s head to Athena, who placed it on her breastplate to ward off evil.

To activate learner’s schemata, ask them to give examples on each category. While-reading: Vocabulary Extension. Work with the dictionary and group the words in bold into categories.

Adjectives: ___________________________________________

Verbs: ______________________________________________

Nouns: ______________________________________________

Collocations _________________________________________

Post-reading: Text analysis Match the headings with paragraphs 1-6:

* Final victory

* Who helped the hero

* Problem

* Resolution

* Beginning of hero’s deed

* Character’s description

Learners first scan and skim the text quickly and say what the text is about, who the main characters are and what the main conflict of the story is about. Work in pairs. Read the text quickly and identify the following: — main idea of the text — main characters — main conflict The Legend of Medusa (Greek mythology)

1. Polydectes, an evil king of the island of Seriphos, fell madly in love with a beautiful woman named Danae. He wanted to marry her, but wanted nothing to do with her adult son, Perseus. Hoping to get rid of Perseus, Polydectes ruthlessly tricked the young man into brashly undertaking a deadly mission — to bring him the head of a dreaded monster called Medusa.

2. Medusa was one of three fearsome Gorgon sisters who lived far away in a secret hiding place. The sisters had brass claws, golden wings, boars’ tusks, and masses of hissing snakes for hair. Anyone who looked into their frightful faces instantly turned into stone.

3. Fortunately, the gods Athena and Hermes, as well as three nymphs, offered to help Perseus. Athena gave him a shiny bronze shield and Hermes gave him a sword that could not be bent by the Gorgons’ scales. The nymphs gave Perseus winged shoes so that he could fly, a cap that made him invisible, and a pouch in which to carry the Gorgon’s head.

4. Perseus flew first to the home of the aged ones. These three women, who were sisters to the Gorgons, were born with gray hair and shared a single eye and a tooth between them. Wearing his cap of invisibility, Perseus snatched the eye as one sister passed it to another. Threatening to keep the eye, Perseus coerced them into revealing the Gorgon’s secret hiding place.

5. Perseus arrived at the cave of the Gorgons, where, by good fortune, they were all asleep. In order to see Medusa without turning to stone, Perseus located her grotesque face in a reflection on his shiny shield. He swiftly cut off her head, dropped it into his bag, and fled from Medusa’s angry sisters. When Perseus returned to Seriphos, the evil Polydectes laughed at him and asked what was in his sack. Perseus pulled out the horrifying head of Medusa and turned Polydectes to stone.

6. Medusa’s severed head retained its power to turn people into stone, so Perseus carried it on many adventures, using it to defeat his enemies. Eventually, in gratitude for her protection, Perseus gave Medusa’s head to Athena, who placed it on her breastplate to ward off evil.

To activate learner’s schemata, ask them to give examples on each category. While-reading: Vocabulary Extension. Work with the dictionary and group the words in bold into categories.

Adjectives: ___________________________________________

Verbs: ______________________________________________

Nouns: ______________________________________________

Collocations _________________________________________

Post-reading: Text analysis Match the headings with paragraphs 1-6:

* Final victory

* Who helped the hero

* Problem

* Resolution

* Beginning of hero’s deed * Character’s description

Discussion. Answer the questions. Express your opinion. Agree or disagree with your peers:

1) Do you know any other legends and myths? Give examples and details.

2) Can you give any examples of Kazakh legends? Give examples and details.

3) Do you know any Kazakh mythological creatures? Can you describe them?

Listen to the stories and fill in the gaps. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS. Teacher reads the transcript.

The dead kangaroo story.

1. In 1987 the world’s best sailors ____________________________ in the America’s Cup yacht race off the coast of Fremantle.

2. One day, one of the sailors went for a drive in the outback and accidentally ____________________________ a kangaroo.

3. While the sailor was taking ____________________________ , the kangaroo came round.

The falling cow story.

4. Eventually, the pilot of a ____________________________ plane told the police what had happened.

5. Before they ____________________________ from their Siberian airbase, the plane’s crew had stolen some cows from a nearby field.

6. While they were flying at 25,000 feet, one cow broke free and started ____________________________ inside the plane.

Listen to the tape and write if the information is True (T) or False (F).
Follow the link below to listen the audio (listen until 2.06) http://b779011024006a6071c1- 5c160b94f727c0d27cbeccc854542bc6.r78.cf1.rackcdn.com/B1_amazing_facts.mp3
1. Only about one tenth of the cells in your body are bacteria.
2. Bacteria are mostly helpful.
3. Animals need bacteria to digest food.
4. You have 7 million cells in your body.
5. Most of the atoms are empty.
6. Most of the atoms are tiny circles.

In pairs or small groups, discuss the following questions:

— Do you know any Kazakh mythological creatures? — Have you ever heard of Zhestyrnak?
Learners are given a short text about Zhestyrnak which they have to read, write down the main idea into their copy-books and then make notes on the main points.
Then they should tell about the following using their notes:  appearance  eating habits  family
Zhestyrnak Zhestyrnak is a female evil demonic character of the Kazakh mythology. It usually appears as a beautiful young girl power. Zhestyrnak, in addition to her monstrous power, has a loud, piercing voice and kills birds and small animals with her own cry. She is a beauty with vampire nature. But unlike the European evil spirits Zhestyrnak is not afraid of silver — her clothes are full of gold and silver ornaments. Her hands end with long or woman with a copper nose and copper claws, possessing an evil character and incredible metal claws, which she never shows — hides them under long sleeves. Zhestyrnak hypnotizes a person with a cold, unblinking gaze, and when he falls asleep, she bites into him with her iron claws, sucking out all the blood. These creatures are incredibly dark-minded and revengeful. If Zhestyrnak is killed, then her husband, the Sorel, begins to take revenge for her.
Then learners discuss the structure of a legend and the purpose of each paragraph together (in small groups or as a whole class).
Structure: 1) exposition (protagonist-antagonist, setting (time & place), conflict/problem (internal/external)); 2) rising actions 3) climax 4) falling actions 5) resolution

Read the article about scientific researches about volcanoes and complete the task below.
Collecting Information about Volcanoes Is Difficult
For most volcanoes, we don’t know enough. The last time volcano Agung erupted was in 1963. That was before we had all the tools we have today to measure it. Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991. Before that, it had not erupted for 500 years. In 1991, two months of changes came before the eruption. Ash burst from the top. The volcano’s shape changed. Earthquakes were bigger. They also happened more often. We know more about Mount St. Helens volcano in the U.S. Scientists have watched it for many years. They can now make good predictions about it. They know that if there are small earthquakes happening it will erupt in two weeks. We don’t know exactly what Agung volcano did before its 1963 eruption. These events could mean an eruption is coming in two weeks. Or, it could be months or even years.
Correct Predictions Are Important
Today, we use satellites to study volcanoes. Satellites give scientists a good look at the volcano from space. They can’t give smaller details, though. Satellites usually only pass over a given volcano once every week or two. The other tools we use cost a lot of money. We cannot have them everywhere. Predicting volcanic eruptions correctly is very important. If it erupts before people leave, they could die. They need to know before it happens. What if they leave and the volcano doesn’t erupt? That can be a different problem. This happened in Mammoth Mountain, California, in 1984. People stopped visiting. It cost money for everyone to leave. The community lost millions of dollars. The eruption never happened. To predict eruptions correctly, we need to know about each volcano. Without that, we have to compare with other volcanoes. Nothing beats really getting to know each volcano, though.
(Tracy K.P. Gregg is a professor of geology at the State University of New York at Buffalo.)
Task. Read and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
1. What do scientists know about Mount St. Helens volcano?
A) Small earthquakes will cause eruption.
B) The shape of the volcano is changed.
C) The last earthquakes were bigger.
D) The last eruption was 500 years ago.

2. Which word could replace the word «predictions» WITHOUT changing the meaning of the first sentence?
“They can now make good predictions about it. They know that if there are small earthquakes happening it will erupt in two weeks.”
A) answers
B) guesses
C) tips
D) truths
3. Which question is answered in these sentences?
Predicting volcanic eruptions correctly is very important. If it erupts before people leave, they could die. They need to know before it happens.
A) How can people predict volcanoes’ eruption?
B) What can happen if volcanoes erupt earlier than predicted?
C) What can happen if volcanoes do not erupt at all?
D) Where are the most dangerous volcanoes located?

Read the text and give a short answer.
4. What technology is used by scientist today to study volcanoes?
5. Why do NOT scientists use other kinds of technologies to study volcanoes?
6. Why is scientific prediction important for people?

Now you are going to write your own story about a mythological creature. First, make a plan of your own story according to the structure.

Descriptors for the plan (learners have them in their structures already):
1. Name of the story 2. Characters’ names 3. Place 4. Time 5. Problem 6. 2 events or more in rising action 7. Climax 8. Falling action(s) 9. Resolution

Choose ONE topic and write an article.
Topic 1. Your school magazine is organising a competition for best articles among school learners. You have to write an article about latest scientific news. Your article should include the following information:
— what exactly has happened;
— the place where it occurred;
— its potential effects/results.
Topic 2. Your school magazine is organising a competition for best articles among school learners. You have to write an article about a deadly natural disaster. Your article should include the following information:
— the type of a natural disaster and its description;
— the place where it occurred;
— the description of its consequences.

Assessment criteria:

• Follow the structure of a short story

• Include a mythological creature as one of the characters in your story

• Have at least two events in rising action

• Write at least 2 sentences using modal verbs of speculation and deduction

Write an article on one of the topics:

1) How the Great Myths and Legends Were Created 2) Urban Legends: How They Start and Why They Live Among People

Writing Criteria: — Article has a thesis that describes the content. — Topic sentence grabs the reader’s attention and focuses the reader on the main idea of a paragraph. — The details in the article are clear and supportive of the topic. — A variety of linking words are used. — New vocabulary is used. — Correct spelling and grammar (present, past and past perfect active and passive forms) (no more than 2 minor mistakes)

1. Read the text and match the words highlighted in the text with their meanings. There are two extra meanings which you will not use.

1. skip a. busy 2. currently b. present 3. enchanted c. miss out 4. enticing d. unwillingly 5. on the go e. attractive 6. issue f. give something officially g. cancel h. delighted

Text: One-Way Ticket
A. Jane Markham used to work for the Department for Education in England, tracking down truants, children who skip school on a regular basis, and trying to convince them to go back. ‘There came a point in my life when I really needed a change’. So she packed her bags, grabbed her friend Pauline and headed for Spain. ‘The two of us had been there the previous summer and we really liked the sunny warmth. Plus, we knew it would be extremely easy to get a job; English teachers were in demand. We planned on staying for a couple of years, just to experience something different.’ Jane and Pauline then rented a flat and got a job at an English language school. Meeting someone was not a long way away. Jane married Pablo, a restaurant owner, and they now have four kids. ‘I’ve been living here for 25 years and Spain is my home now. The only thing I miss is the scenery, the English countryside, how you can just walk out your front door and in less than 15 minutes be in a park or green field. But life here is good. I love it.’

B. Neil Bremer and his wife, Barbara, are a retired couple currently living in Morocco. Their experience proves it’s never too late to go after the things that make you happy in life. ‘Our kids paid for us to have a holiday in North Africa on the occasion of our 40th wedding anniversary. It was the first time we had left the country. We travelled from Morocco to Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt and we were absolutely amazed. The sights, the smells, the scenery, it was all new and exciting, a completely different world.’ The couple were so enchanted that they kept putting off the date of their departure back home, until a year passed without them noticing. It became apparent they weren’t going to leave anytime soon. They have now settled in happily in their new house in Egypt, where their kids visit them every summer. ‘Our pension money lasts so much longer here; we live very comfortably. And we love the people here. We have made many new friends’.

C. Jason Firth had just finished university when he went on a working holiday in Dubai, at an architectural company. ‘The city is full of construction activities; they are building new luxury flats, hotels and company headquarters on every corner.’ The firm needed architects for that summer to carry out the work. Jason found the opportunity highly enticing, although it was so far away from his homes in Wales. The company found him to be hard-working, imaginative and practical, and so when his term was coming to an end, they offered him a permanent position. ‘Saying yes was the best thing I could have done. The amount of work needed to be done always keeps you on the go, always trying to do better, and I love feeling of accomplishment. Plus, the money is great. If I ever decide to go back, I know I will have secured my economic future’.

D. Leon Alvarez had no idea how his life would change as he set off for his holiday from Spain to Argentina with his two best friends. All was going well until Leon’s passport and other documents got stolen. ‘It was a horrible feeling at first. This sense of helplessness makes you feel completely lost.’ The authorities did the best they could to issue a new passport, but it took a long time and Leon was told he would have to stay in the country for a couple of months. In an unexpected gesture of self-sacrifice, his two friends offered to stay with him, instead of going back to Spain and their normal lives. ‘I turned from helpless to crazy enthusiastic. We tried to make the most of this unfortunate event and decided to look for a job to help with our living costs. We were all cooks in Spain and, fortunately, a restaurant owner took all three of us on a full-time salary.’ The three friends ended up enjoying learning the new cuisine and introducing elements of Spanish cooking into the menu. ‘By the time my passport was ready, we agreed we liked working together and opened our own restaurant in Buenos Aires’.

Read the texts again. For statements 1-10, put T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

1) Neil and Barbara mention that they had never travelled abroad before. _________

2) Jason stayed in the country because of a negative effect. _________

3) Jane enjoys the natural beauty of her home country. _________

4) Leon talks about returning to his home country. ____________

5) Neil and Barbara set up a business in the country they moved to. _____________

6) Jane had a different job back home. __________

7) Jason didn’t stay in the country as an extension to his holiday. ____________

8) Jane doesn’t have to work. ___________

9) Leon experienced a radical change in his attitude? _______________

10) Neil and Barbara spend less money than they would in their home country. __________

Listen or watch a video about a school in Cardiff, the capital of Wales, and match the two sentence halves and write a – f next to the number 1 – 6. Follow: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/uk-now/video-uk/multicultural-britain

1. Sunny                                 a. is from Kenya.

2. Sunny’s father                 b. was born in London.

3. Avinda                              c. came from Zambia.

4. St. Mary’s School           d. went to Cardiff because he was offered a job there.

5. Mercy, Joy and Derek   e. was involved with a project that helps migrants.

6. Derek                                f. didn’t have a job when he arrived in the UK.

Read the questions and write down your answers. Try to use different forms of adjectives (degrees of comparison).

— How multicultural is your school and your town? — How many different languages do students at your school speak? — Do you speak different languages at home and at school? — What reasons can you think of for going to live in a new country? — What difficulties do you think a migrant family would face?

Transcript This is Southall Broadway in West London. This area has one of the largest Asian populations in London. The United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse country with many different communities that reflects the multicultural nature of Britain. Many British people’s families originally come from overseas. Over the centuries, people from around the world have come to live here. The first significant wave of immigrants arrived by ship from Jamaica in 1948. The Notting Hill Carnival celebrates this Caribbean culture. In the 1950s and 60s, Indian, Bangladeshi and Pakistani families made Britain their home. Asian Ugandan refugees fled here in the 1970s. Followed by Somalis in the 90s. And in recent years, Eastern European citizens have arrived in search of work. This cultural variety makes Britain a vibrant place to be, but it’s not without its problems. Conflicts can arise between cultures and generations. Young people whose parents or grandparents settled here have a very different experience of growing up to their parents. Sunny Grewel and his father Avinda live in Southall. Avinda came here from Kenya in the 70s. Sunny was born here. Nick: Avinda, what was life like when you first came here? Avinda: It was hard. There was no jobs for, for people like us. Nick: And what’s life like now, for young people, Sunny? Sunny: I think we’re very much a part of the communities and government and everything, so it’s a lot more equal for everyone. Nick: What are the main arguments between the younger and older generations? Avinda: When they were small, I wouldn’t let him wear these earrings and have a long ponytail. They have to look smart. Nick: And what’s the best thing about living here, Sunny? Sunny: The food, the different cultures that come in and bring their spices, their experiences and even their rituals, so you get a taste of the world within this small community. In the past, differences between communities have led to violence. But new community-based projects have brought different generations and cultures together. Here at St Mary’s School in Cardiff in Wales, more than 20 languages are spoken. It’s one of the most multicultural schools in Wales. The school was involved with a project called ‘Open Cities’. It helps migrants, people from other countries, become part of the community. The schoolchildren took pictures of people and places to show what it’s like to live in Cardiff. Some of the kids are featured in an exhibition called Open Cities Faces. Mercy and Joy and their father Derek are originally from Zambia. They have lived here for six years. Nick: Derek, tell me why you came to Cardiff and why you took part in this project. Derek: I am an Engineering Consultant. I came to Cardiff because I was offered a job here. This project was a good thing because it was trying to show something positive about migration and integration. Nick: Why is Mercy photographed by a window? Derek: Because the photographer wanted to find a way to show the hopes for our future – the better life that we look towards. Nick: But there’s a lot of shadow in that photograph, as well. Derek: Yes, the shadow is deliberate to try to show our past, where we’ve come from. Nick: And do you consider Cardiff to be your home now? Derek: Yes. We are part of the local community, we have settled down and we think Cardiff is great. Projects like ‘Open Cities’ can bring people in the community together and give young people hope for the future.

1.
Describe the structure and bonding in a benzene molecule.
2.
Benzene is prepared from ethyne by the process of cyclic polymerization.
(a) Write a chemical equation for this process.
(b) Methylbenzene is the first homologue of benzene.
(i) Write an equation of obtaining methylbenzene from benzene by Friedel‐Crafts alkylation.
(ii) Which catalyst is used in this reaction?
(c) Benzene readily undergoes addition reaction in the presence of ultraviolet light (but without a catalyst present), hot benzene will also undergo an addition reaction with chlorine or bromine.
Write an addition reaction of the reaction of benzene with chlorine.
(d) Nitrobenzene can be prepared from benzene as shown.

3.
Concentrated sulfuric acid catalyses this reaction.
(a) Write an equation to show how H2SO4 generates the electrophile needed in this reaction.
(b) Draw the mechanism of the reaction
between the electrophile and benzene to form nitrobenzene. Include all relevant curly arrows and charges.
(c) Toluene and benzene are in the same homologues series. Toluene reacts about 25 times faster in nitration reaction than benzene under identical conditions.
Explain why toluene is more reactive than benzene.

Conduct an interview between a correspondent and a scientist about a human body structure
Step 1 — A group is divided into two parts: correspondents and scientists. A correspondent creates
three research questions about the structure of a human body.
Possible Human Body questions:
1. What is the name of the biggest part of the human brain?
2. What is the name of the substance that gives skin and hair its pigment?
3. What substance are nails made of?
4. What is the human body’s biggest organ?
5. How many lungs does the human body have?
6. Your tongue is home to special structures that allow you to experience tastes such as sour,
sweet, bitter and salty, what is their name?
7. The shape of DNA is known as?
8. How do extreme situations influence our body?
9. How do people recognize the heart attack?
10. Why should humans control their feelings? Give examples from your own experience.
11. Can you provide first aid to a person in need?
12. Have you ever had such an experience? When and where?
Step 2 -Correspondents go along the classroom asking the scientists their questions and fixing their
answers in the special worksheets.
Step 3 -Learners work in pairs (a correspondent and a scientist), analyze the answers (they can
arrange information in graphs) and presents it to the class.
Possible variants of analysis:
Most learners stated that …
The majority of learners …
All learners …
Few of them …
Only one …
I can make a conclusion that (As it turned out) …
Learners are given rubrics and allowed to grade and assess each other’s interviews/conversations.
Rubrics for peer-assessment

1.
A and B are structural isomers with the molecular formula C3H6O that are carbonyl compounds. Draw the structural formulae of A, B and name them.

2.
Consider the following pair of isomers.

Suggest the test that can be used to distinguish between isomers E and F and describe the observations.
3.
Provide equations for the reactions of CH3CHO with each of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) and sodium tetrahydroborate (III), NaBH4, using [O] or [H] as appropriate.
(a) reaction with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)
(b) reaction with NaBH4
4.
Propanone, CH3COCH3, undergoes a reaction with hydrogen cyanide, HCN.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction of CH3COCH3 with HCN and name the product.
(b) Outline a mechanism for the reaction of CH3COCH3 with HCN. Include all necessary curly arrows, lone pairs and charges.
5.
A series of reactions based on propanoic acid is shown:

(a) Write an equation for reaction 1, using [H] to represent the reducing agent.
(b) Write an equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with calcium carbonate, CaCO3.
(c) Suggest a suitable reagent and conditions for reaction 3.

Interpret the quote from the perspective of a young boy/girl growing up in India.

For this:
1. In pairs, look at the quote from a different angle. Try to understand why people act the way
they do.
We too often judge people without having all the facts, so you need to collect some data to
find out why for Indian people living creatures like the cow, monkey and even rat are sacred
creatures.
You can see things from that person’s angle as well as from your own.
2. Use credible sources to collect data and select the most suitable information getting ready to
share your viewpoint.

Once you collect data, you use the information below to share your viewpoint.
For this:
1. Use Less formal expressions: It seems to me …, It appears that …, Apparently, …, Evidently,
2. Give a supporting argument or reason, followed by the word hence, followed by a conclusion.
Follow the structure below:
A. Your thesis: states what your position on an issue is (should be clearly stated and often
contains emphatic language (should, ought, must)
Example: The production, sale, and possession of assault weapons for private citizens should
be banned in the U.S.
B. Body of your Argument: background Information
This part represents the basic information he or she needs to understand your position. This
could be part of the introduction, but may work as its own element of argumentation.
C. Reasons or Evidence to Support your Claim
All evidence you present should support your position. This is the heart of your
argumentation. Generally, you begin with a general statement that you back up with specific
details or examples.
Types of evidence include:
• first-hand examples and experiential knowledge on your topic (specific examples help your
readers connect to your topic in a way they cannot with abstract ideas)
• opinions from recognized authorities
• the tipsheet on the three logical appeals covers the types of evidence you can use in
argumentation.
D. Conclusion
The conclusion should bring your ideas to a logical end. It should explain what the
importance of your issue is in a larger context. Your conclusion should also reiterate why
your topic is worth caring about. Some arguments propose solutions or make prediction on
the future of the topic.

Present your viewpoint for peer-assessment
Criteria for peer-assessment
— Clear, strong point of view
— Supported with examples and facts form credible sources
— True and believable
— Describe consequences
— Include a call for action

Listen to the story. In what order does the reviewer describe Charles Foster’s experiences
with these creatures? Arrange creatures (a-f) in the order the reviewer describes Charles Foster’s
experiences with these creatures.
Go to this link to listen :http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening-skillspractice/man-or-beast
1. …………. a. reddeer
2. …………. b. earthworm
3. …………. c. otter
4. …………. d. swift
5. …………. e. fox
6. …………. f. badger

Check your understanding. Circle the best answer (A-C).
1. What kind of book is being discussed?
A. A philosophy textbook
B. A mixture of different genres
C. A fascinating novel
2. Charles Foster decided to try and live as different animals because …
A. He wanted to understand how they live.
B. He was doing research into animals.
C. He was tired of living as a human being.
3. According to Foster, children are better than adults at living like animals because …
A. They are more physically agile.
B. They are more sociable.
C. They rely on their senses of sight and smell more.
4. What was Foster’s greatest problem with living as an otter?
A. He didn’t like spending hours in the water.
B. He wasn’t able to catch fish in his mouth.
C. It’s difficult to recreate the otter’s preoccupation with food.
5. Foster felt his experience living as a red deer …
A. Was not very successful.
B. Taught him the most about animals.
C. Taught him more about another animal than the deer.
6. Why was Foster questioned by a policeman in London?
A. He was stealing food from bins.
B. He was sleeping in a public place.
C. He was pretending to be a fox.
7. Foster felt a great respect for foxes because …
A. They can survive in an urban environment.
B. He formed a relationship with one.
C. They are good at finding food anywhere.
8. Jon recommends the book Being a Beast because …
A. It’s funny.
B. It contains a lot of detailed information about animals.
C. It can help us understand what it means to be human.

Analyze the question and use the Thesis Generator to write a clearly articulated thesis
statement to the question.Produce a relevant qualification and write a clear reason for your position.
Question:
To what extent the use of animals in scientific research is acceptable?

Write an introduction to the question:
To what extent the use of animals in scientific research is acceptable?
Include: an opening sentence that is not too general, a well-articulated thesis, evidence to support
your argument, and definite language (a summary of evidence that will be introduced to support the
thesis). Produce outline for the question.
Opinion essay should have three sentences and these three sentences should be:
1. Paraphrase question
2. Thes is statement
3. Outline statement

Criteria for self-assessment
The introduction to your essay needs to contain the following elements:
 a sentence or two introducing your topic
 a clearly written thesis statement: relevant qualification, your position or claim, reasonable
rationale for your stance
 a brief summary of evidence that you are going to use to support your argument.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Refer to the text to check
your answers when appropriate.
Have you ever heard the sound of a hummingbird? They make a buzzing noise when they fly.
They make this noise because they beat their wings so fast. They beat their wings up to 80 times a
second. All that flapping makes a lot of noise. That’s why we call them hummingbirds.
Hummingbirds fly in a unique way. They move their wings so fast that they can hover. This
means that they can stay in one spot in the middle of the air, like a helicopter. Sometimes they fly or
hover upside down. They are the only bird that flies backward.
Hummingbirds are small. One type called the bee hummingbird is the smallest bird in the
world. Bee hummingbirds weigh less than a penny. They are just a little bit bigger than bees. I guess
that’s where they get their name. Bee hummingbirds build tiny nests. They use cobwebs and bits of
bark to make their homes. Their homes are only an inch around. This is big enough for their eggs
though. Their eggs are smaller than peas. People have found these tiny nests on a clothespin.
Hummingbirds move fast. It takes lots of energy to move as fast as they do. This means that
they need to eat a lot of food. Their favorite food is nectar, a sweet liquid inside of some flowers.
They drink more than their own weight in nectar daily. They have to visit hundreds of flowers to get
enough nectar to live. They can only store enough energy to survive through the night. They live on
the edge.
Hummingbirds don’t use their long beaks like straws. They have a tongue just like you. They
use their tongues for eating. They flick their tongues in and out of their mouths while inside of
flowers. They lap up nectar. Flowers give them the energy that they need.
Hummingbirds help flowers too. They get pollen on their heads and bills when they feed.
Flowers use pollen to make seeds. Hummingbirds help pollen get from one flower to the next. This
helps flowers make more seeds. More seeds mean more flowers. More flowers mean more food for
hummingbirds. Isn’t it nice how that works out?

Find correct answers
1. Why are they called hummingbirds?
a. They are very light
b. They sing when they fly
c. Their wings make a humming sound
d. Their song sounds like humming

2. How do hummingbirds eat?
a. They drink nectar through their beaks like a straw.
b. They chew up flower petals with their beaks.
c. They use their heads and bills to eat pollen.
d. They lap up nectar with their tongues.
3. How do hummingbirds help flowers?
a. They drink nectar.
b. They eat pollen.
c. They bring pollen from one flower to the next.
d. They plant seeds.
4. According to the text, which does the bee hummingbird use to make nests?
a. straw
b. concrete
c. bark
d. sticks
5. What is unique about the way that hummingbirds fly?
a. They can fly faster than any other bird.
b. They can fly longer than any other bird.
c. They can fly forward and backward.
d. They can only fly for a few seconds at a time
6. Why do flowers need pollen?
a. Flowers eat pollen.
b. Pollen attracts hummingbirds.
c. Hummingbirds eat pollen.
d. Flowers use pollen to make seeds.

Answer to the questions. Refer to the text to support your answer.
1. How do flowers and hummingbirds benefit each other?
2. Why does the hummingbird have to eat so often?
3. Why is the ability to hover useful to a hummingbird?

. Identify how the paragraph is structured.
For yourpractice
Directions:
1. Read the passage.
2. Find places in the text confirming that the text’s structure (pattern of development) is
Problem and Solution.
Passage 1 — Save the Tigers
Answer: Problem and Solution
Dr. Miller doesn’t want the tigers to vanish. These majestic beasts are disappearing at an alarming
rate. Dr. Miller thinks that we should write to our congress people. If we let them know that we
demand the preservation of this species, maybe we can make a difference. Dr. Miller also thinks
that we should donate to Save the Tigers. Our donations will help to support and empower those
who are fighting the hardest to preserve the tigers. We owe it to our grandchildren to do
something.

First, identify how the text is structured. Then, focus your critical thinking skills, you are
to use information from each passage in a graphic organizer. This will help you make connections
between text and visual representations of text.
Directions:
1. Read the passages.
2. Identify the text structure.
3. Write information from the passage into the appropriate graphic organizer.
The following graphic organizers are examples. Feel free to make changes if necessary

1. Cats in Ancient Egypt
You might think that cats get a ridiculous amount of attention from people today but that’s nothing
compared to how they were treated in ancient Egypt. Since cats were believed to represent the
Egyptian war goddess Bastet, the ancient Egyptians literally worshipped cats. Their admiration
was expressed in ways that we might find funny or shocking today. They liked cats so much that
killing a cat in ancient Egypt, even on accident, was punishable by death. The Greek historian
Herodotus wrote that when a cat passed away, the household would go into sadness as though a
member of the family had died. Family members would even shave off their eyebrows to show
their loss. Another way in which ancient
Egyptians showed love and respect for cats was through mummification. Cats were often
mummified after dying, a process normally reserved for kings and nobles. Hundreds of thousands
of cat mummies have been found preserved in and around Egypt. So the next time you see
someone adores a cat, remember that it could be worse.
2. Get a Cat
Have you ever seen a mouse or rat in or around your home? If so, you may have a rodent
infestation. Mice and rats are considered pests since they steal food from people. They are hard to
get rid of because they move quickly and they hide in walls and other tight places that are difficult
for people to reach. These pests make poor houseguests, but you don’t have to live with them any
longer. You can give them the boot without bringing any poisons in to your home. You can do this
by getting a cat: nature’s remedy for a rodent problem. Cats have very sharp senses and lightning
quick reflexes. They are excellent hunters. It is estimated that cats kill between 10 and 20 billion
small mammals annually. Not only will a cat help to solve your issue with rodents, they will also
kill any small birds that they can catch. So rather than sharing your home with a greedy mouse or a
filthy rat, share it with a cat.
3. Like Dogs and Cats
There are two types of people in this world: cat people and dog people. Which type are you? Well,
if you like a pet that is low maintenance, you might be a cat person. Cats are easier to take care of
than dogs because cats are very independent. Since they use litter boxes, they do not have to be
taken outside to go potty like dogs. Also, cats clean themselves while dogs need occasional baths.
If you prefer a pet that requires more attention, you may be a dog person. Most dogs are very loyal
and obedient. You can play games like fetch or tug of war with a dog. Dogs will also alert you
when someone is outside of your home, whereas cats will usually just stay quiet. Both cats and
dogs like to be petted, and they both
make excellent pets, but it takes a certain kind of person to own them. Which kind of person are
you?
4. Dangerous Predators
Cats may seem like cute and fluffy companions, but to birds and other small mammals, cats are
highly lethal killing machines. Even well fed cats may hunt and kill many small animals such as
birds, mice, and reptiles. Small animals are most at risk when cats are introduced to areas that have
not hosted them before. Since they are not used to living with the threatening cats, these small
animals are naïve and helpless. If they do not have the defenses to survive, cats will hunt these
animals until they are wiped out completely. Cats have played a leading role in the extinction of
many small animals, including the Hawaiian Rail and at least 22 other species of bird. While other
things may have led to the destruction of these species, cat attacks were a main factor.
5. Herding Cats
Cats are known for their independence. They may be difficult to train, but that doesn’t mean that
you can’t teach an old cat new tricks. It’s time to learn how to teach your cat to fetch. First, find a toy or object that your cat likes. It is much easier to keep your cat’s attention if you use something
in which he or she is already interested. Next, throw the toy a short distance. If your cat chases the
toy, you are off to a good start. Wait until the cat returns the toy and reward the cat with a treat
when he or she does. Continue doing this for as long as your cat shows interest in the toy: toss it,
wait for the cat to return it, and then reward the cat. As your cat gets better at this trick, slowly
increase how far you throw the toy.
It may take some time, but with a little dedication and a lot of patience you can teach your cat a
cool trick that he or she will do whenever he or she feels like it.
6. Declawing
Cats can be great pets but they’re not perfect. Some cats destroy household items with their claws.
Or they may use their claws to scratch people’s faces if they feel threatened. Small children are the
ones most often attacked by cats. These attacks can leave lasting scars. Don’t worry though: you
don’t have to get rid of your cat just because she can’t keep her claws to herself. You can get your
cat an onychectomy (сложная хирургическая операция). An onychectomy is when a cat’s claws
are surgically removed. This is commonly called declawing the cat. If you get your cat declawed,
he or she will still continue to swipe its paws at people and things, but the attacks will be harmless.
Some people worry that declawed cats are vulnerable against attacks by raccoons and other
animals that the cats might encounter outdoors. People with these concerns should only have their
cat’s front claws removed, which leaves the cat with a defense if he or she is seriously attacked but
also protects people and household items.

Get familiar with elements for writing Introductory paragraph.
How to Write an Introductory Paragraph to an Essay
An introductory paragraph for an academic essay contains a narrowly-focused thesis statement, and
highlights evidence you will use to argue your thesis. An introduction to an essay is the first and
perhaps only opportunity for a writer to gain a reader’s attention, thus, you must take care to craft
introductory paragraphs that are dynamic, include a thesis, introduce evidence, as well as comply
with academic writing standards.
The introduction to your essay needs to contain the following elements:
 a sentence or two introducing your topic
 a clearly written thesis statement
 a brief summary of evidence that you are going to use to support your argument

Look at the example of the Introduction to the question. Compare and contrast the question
with its introduction. Analyze the thesis statement thoroughly.
Sample Introduction to an Essay

Write an introduction to the question that includes a well-articulated thesis, introduce
evidence to support your argument, and include definite language.Use the Thesis Generator to write
thesis statement to the question.

Include: an opening sentence that is not too general, a clear thesis statement, and a summary of
evidence that will be introduced to support the thesis.

Question: A growing number of people feel that animals should not be exploited by people and
that they should have the same rights as humans, while others argue that humans must employ
animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
Discussing ‘Two Opinions’
In this essay you are being given two opposing opinions to discuss.
This is the first opinion:
Animals should not be exploited by people and they should have the same rights as humans.
This is the second opinion:
Humans must employ animals to satisfy their various needs, including uses for food and research.
In this type of essay, you must look at both sides. In other words you need to discuss the
arguments FOR animal rights and AGAINST. You must also ensure you give YOUR opinion. Be
aware of Common Mistakes in Intro Paragraphs
Often learners start writing their introductory paragraph using very general statements. This results
in: 1) statements that are hackneyed and do not attract the reader’s attention;
2) statements that do not provide a roadmap to where the thesis is headed. Think twice before
starting an introductory paragraph.
Grammar: Use simple perfect and perfect continuous active and passive forms

Read the text about clocks and show the logical relationship between ideas within the
sentences and paragraphs.
Clocks
Clocks are used to measure time. Clocks are used to show the time. Clocks are used so that
people can agree on the time.
People use clocks to measure units of time that are shorter than natural units. Natural units are
the day, the month, and the year. The sun rises at the beginning of each day. The moon is new at the
beginning of each month. The sun appears at the same place in the sky at the beginning of each year.
The clock is a very old invention. Sundials were used in ancient times. Sundials work by
measuring shadows that are cast by the sun. Candle clocks were used a very long time ago. Candle
clocks work by measuring the time it takes for the wax to melt. Hourglasses are similar to candle
clocks because they also measure the time it takes for something to happen. Hourglasses work by
measuring the time it takes for sand to pour through a small opening into a glass. Mechanical clocks
appeared in the 13th century in Europe. They work with a system of moving gears. The gears always
move at the same speed. Pendulum clocks work with a swinging weight. The swinging weight is
called a pendulum. The pendulum makes the clock parts move.
Now people typically use mechanical clocks or digital clocks. Digital clocks show numbers on
a screen. The numbers represent the time. Some people use auditory clocks. Auditory clocks use
language to tell the time aloud. Computers also use clocks. Computers use internal clocks in order to
work properly.
In today’s world, clocks are everywhere –– in homes, schools, offices, and public places. Many
people live their lives according to the clock. People go to work and return home according to the
clock. School days start and end according to the clock. Airplanes take off and land according to the
clock. It is fun to imagine a world without clocks!
1. What examples are used to show the relationship between measuring time and natural units?
(the Sun and the Moon) in Paragraph 2.
2. Classify the types of clocks considering the time order of their invention.
3. Write one sentence that describes the relationship between the main idea and details of the
text.

You will hear five different people talking about animals that have been important in their lives. For Speakers 1-5, choose from the list (A-F) the animal that each person talking about. For Speaker 5, you should choose two answers.
CD3 Tapescript 1
Which animal
Speaker 1
A) Was scared of people?
Speaker 2
B) Was in the zoo?
Speaker 3
C) Had been trained to do a job?
Speaker 4
D) Had to be given away?
Speaker 5
E) Was the first pet when he was growing up?
Speaker 6
F) Was very rare?

Read the article and complete the tasks below.
Talking About Penguins
by Guy Belleranti

Penguins are one of the world’s most interesting birds. They waddle when they walk and have flippers instead of wings. The bones in a penguin’s flippers are heavier and more solid than those in the wings of a flying bird. This helps the penguin “fly” through the water.
The penguin’s black back and white front has an important function, too — camouflage in the water. Penguins blend in with the sea from above and with the sky from below. This makes it harder for predatory birds, leopard seals, sea lions, orcas and sharks to see them.
Many people think all penguins live in the cold and ice of Antarctica. However, only 6 of the 17 species or types of penguins live in Antarctica. The others live in parts of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and South America and on the Falkland and Galapagos Islands.
Let’s talk about two of the penguin species – the Emperor penguin of Antarctica and the Galapagos penguin of the Galapagos Islands.
The Emperor penguin is the world’s largest penguin. Its oily outer feathers help keep it dry. Its dense inner down feathers and thick fat
layer helps keep it warm. Emperor penguins also often huddle in groups to conserve heat.
A mother Emperor penguin lays only one egg at a time. After the mother Emperor penguin lays the egg she travels to open sea to feed on fish, squid and krill (shrimp-like ocean crustaceans). The father stays behind with the egg. He keeps it warm and protected by balancing it on his feet and covering it with feathered skin called a brood pouch. The mother returns two months later,regurgitates food for the newly hatched chick, then stays with it while the father goes out to sea to feed.
The Galapagos penguin lives in an area much warmer than Antarctica. The Galapagos Islands are on the Equator, 600 miles west of the South American country
of Ecuador. This is as far north as any penguin lives in the wild. The Galapagos penguin is one of the smallest and also one of the most endangered of all penguins. It shares the Galapagos Islands with many other unusual animals including the giant Galapagos tortoise and the blue-footed booby. Instead of having to stay warm the Galapagos penguin must find ways to stay cool. The best way is to spend the heat of day in cool water currents hunting small fish and krill. When a Galapagos penguin does get out of the water it often spreads its flippers to cool off. It might also pant like a dog. And it shades its feet by standing with its body hunched forward.
This has just been a peek at penguins. To find out more visit your school and public libraries.

Choose the best option (A-D)
1. Most wild penguins live…
A) in South Africa
B) near the North Pole
C) in the Southern Hemisphere
D) near the Equator
2. A sea lion might have a hard time seeing a penguin swimming in the water. Why? [1]
A) Sea lions cannot see the color black very well because it blends in with the snow and ice.
B) When the sea lion looks up, the penguin’s white belly blends in with the bright colors of the sky.
C) Penguins swim very fast and they look like a streak zooming through the water.
D) A penguin becomes invisible when it swims in cold water.
Answer to the questions
3. The father Emperor penguin keeps the egg warm and hatches the chick. Where is the mother penguin during this time?
4. How are a penguin’s flipper bones different from the bones in other birds’ wings?
5. According to the information in the article, what three things does a Galapagos penguin do to cool off when it is too warm?
6. Even though they do not fly, penguins are actually birds. Write an answer in which you describe why penguins are birds. Be sure to mention several traits that are unique to birds.

Card 1
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. What do you know about the maternal instincts of animals?
2. Will the nature be changed if animals care for another species? Explain.

Card 2
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. Why do dogs help people?
2. Have you ever met someone whose dog was his eye?

Card 3
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. What do you know about instinct of animals?
2. Is it important to understand how animals exist in the wild? Why/Why not?

Card 4
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. Does friendship exist between animals? Justify your answer.
2. What are some examples of useful traits that help animals survive? (i.e. a giraffe’s long neck)

Card 6
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. Do you think that only dogs can be friends of people? Why? /Why not?
2. Why do you think that people have such strong relationships with some kinds of animals and not others

Card 7
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. What are some animals that live in your country?
2. Is it important to protect endangered species? Why/Why not What are the possible benefits?

Card 8
Discuss the following pictures with your partner by answering these questions:
1. Some people consider zoos to be cruel environments for animals. What do you think?
2. Where is the best place to see animals in your country? In the world?

Look at the notes below. For each one decide:
— what is the relationship between the person who wrote it and who read it
— what the purpose of note or notice is
— what the main content points are

Following the structure of the given notes write two notes on the given situations:
A. Write a note to your teacher explaining that you are unable attend classes this week as you
have to go to another city to take part in an important tennis tournament. Ask your teacher for
details of the classwork and homework you will miss so that you can do some schoolwork
while you are away.
Write your note in 50 words.
B. You are going to be on holiday for a week and a friend has agreed to look after your flat while
you are away. Write a message explaining what your friend should check and do in your flat
and thank him/her for the help.
Write your message in 70 words.
In your writing pay attention on the use of dependent prepositions.
Assessment guidelines:
Teacher walks around the classroom and observeslearners as they work to check for writing. She/hencan use a checklist with the following criteria:
Criteria
— All points must be covered
— The register (formal-neutral informal)
— Is the writing clear?
— Note is precise
— Does the layout of the note make it easy to read?
— Use of dependent prepositions
— Grammar, spelling and punctuation

Listen to the article “Dolphin language may have grammar” and choose if the sentences are
TRUE or FALSE. Follow the link to listen: https://breakingnewsenglish.com/1609/160915-languagel.html
1. The article says humans are the only ones to use vocabulary. T / F
2. Research suggests dolphin and human communication are similar. T / F
3. Dolphins use clicks and whistles to make what appear to be sentences. T / F
4. Scientists say we will never be able to understand dolphin language. T / F
5. The research was carried out at Sea World in Florida. T / F
6. The research was carried out on bottlenose dolphins. T / F
7. In the research, a dolphin listened to another dolphin and then replied. T / F
8. A researcher said dolphin language is not highly developed. T / F

Assessment guidelines
Teacher divides the class into groups of three. One member of the group is designated as Speaker,
Listener, and Observer. They are given topics about specific features of animals.
Speaker chooses a topic that will serve as a focus of conversation. The topic should be one that
Speaker is interested in, has definite views about, and should be one that is likely to generate debate
or disagreement.Speaker and Listener hold a conversation for about three to four minutes. The
purpose of the conversation is for Listener to practise these listening skills: speech, reflecting, and
summarizing. At the conclusion of the conversation, Listener should summarize Speaker’s position,
including Speaker’s underlying logic and rationale. In other words, listener should indicate what
Speakers said and why it was said. During the conversation, Observer is to analyse Listener’s
behavior. The Observation Sheet is designed for this purpose. Each of the questions on the sheet
should be answered by Observer as soon as the summary ends. The sheets will be discussed. The
members who are in the role of Observer find contradictory statements in Speaker’s speech.
Work in groups of three.
Step 1
Assign the roles as Speaker, Observer and Listener.
 Speaker chooses a topic and provides his/her speech about it.
 Listener summarises Speaker’s speech.
 Observer analyses listener’s behavior using Observer sheet.
Step 2
Choose one of the following topics that you have definite and strong views. Support your ideas with
relevant arguments.
 Bats eat certain insects regarded as pests, but bring different diseases
 Eagles kill farm animals, but they are also endangered
 Dolphins in captivity are separated from the school, scientists feel that to help these creatures
they need to observe them in captivity
 Bees provide honey, but their stings can be deadly
Step 3
Swap the roles in the group.
Observer Sheet

Possible answers on the given topics:
1. There are people who think that bats are pests, but actually some bats are pest controllers eating
thousands of insects every night. Consequently, bats have an important role in many environments
all around the world. They can provide a valuable service for agriculture, but it doesn’t mean that
they can not be dangerous. They can be dangerous. But not because they’re set on attacking you or
trying to suck your blood. Bats are associated with diseases, including rabies. In addition, their
droppings, called “guano,” can contaminate soil with a fungus that causes Histoplasmosis, according
to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
2. There is no doubt that eagles play a meaningful role in decreasing numbers of farm animals,
which take the major part of agriculture and mostly influence on rural economy. Moreover,
livestock is the eye for nourishment, clothes and in some cases for transporting. From the
26
psychological view, killed farm animals by eagles mean damaged farming business of farmers,
facing the risk of bankruptcy.
On the other hand, using these predators is the useful tool to reach many goals, both- materialistic
and spiritual. This is how in many cultures hunters represent their power and high status in society,
because of the symbolizing them as the strongest creatures and their endangered position. It’s
important to point out that eagles are the part of natural chain together with other biological
organisms, so human beings have no right to abandon or separate them, no matter how far the
negatives outweigh all the positives.
3. Dolphins in captivity are separated from school, scientists feel that to help these creatures they
need to observe them in captivity. In my opinion, observing dolphins in captivity will not help them
anyway. It would be difficult for creatures that lived in their natural habitat to adapt to the limited
conditions. On the contrary, their behavior and actions will vary because they would not feel
comfortable in captivity. Moreover, they will not have opportunities to live among other dolphins. It
restricts them from many essential aspects, therefore there is no need to separate them from their
school to investigate them.
4. Bees are important to people, because they provide honey full of nutrition. There is a list of health
benefits of honey. Honey prevents cancer and heart disease, increases athletic performance, helps to
blood sugar regulation, strengthens the immune system and so on. Unfortunately, despite they
provide honey Honeybees do sting. The sting can be extremely painful if the stinger is not removed
from the skin immediately. Peoplewho are allergic to insect stings can have more severe reactions,
even the death.

Listen to the naturalist called Alison Pringle talking about wildlife. For questions 1-6, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS for each answer. You will listen to the recording twice. CD3. Tapescript 1.
Example: Alison mentions that one in two million lobsters is blue.
1. Predators understand the danger of the blue poison dart frog by its
2. Blue poison dart frogs are poisonous because of their
3. The blue –tongued reptile reveals its tongue when it’s
4. The speaker explains that blue whales are actually .
5. The speaker says that blue mammals do not exist.
6. The speaker points out that blue damselflies live near in the UK.

Read the text and complete the tasks below.
Anthony Coleman is a travel writer for the magazine The Four Corners of the Earth and travels the globe to inform and entertain his readers
My job as a travel writer requires me to share ‘authentic’ travel experiences with my readers. When I first started writing, I took part in activities where I could ‘study’ the locals and understand their culture. My goal was to immerse myself in international cultural experiences. Therefore, I rushed from Polynesian fire dances during Hawaiian Luau celebrations to Greek syrtaki nights with loud bouzouki music. I enjoyed riding South American llamas up rocky hillsides, staying in luxurious bungalows on stilts above Bora Bora’s turquoise lagoons and taking part in expensive Japanese tea ceremonies served by women wearing beautiful kimonos.
These experiences felt ‘authentic’ until my editor called to complain. ‘You write well but you’re not capturing the real mood of the places you visit,’ he said. ‘Don’t search for traditional stereotypes. Start writing about places and people as they really are, rather than what you think they should be like,’ he added. These days, I avoid cultural zoos where tourists pay good money to get taste of traditional customs that are recreated for their benefit. It’s common to find snap-happy tourists watching a country’s traditional dance at some luxurious resort instead of its original setting. Where is the authenticity?
I realised that the more you look for authenticity, the less likely you are to find it. An authentic travel experience hides in simple, everyday moments. It sweeps you through busy Istiklal Street in the Beyoglou district as you become one with the lively crowd of Istanbul. It bursts out of a café in Samoa cookie frappuccinos. Meanwhile, an elderly man sips his traditional watermelon drink, vaimeleni, on a porch across the road. Before you know it, you are drinking vaimeleni with him and are taking selfies to post on Instagram. You know it is an authentic moment because it feels meaningful and isn’t staged.
You can only appreciate these ‘authentic’ moments when you leave your comfort zone. Instead of staying at a luxurious resort, choose a student dormitory or a home stay where the facilities may leave a lot to be desired, but where you can experience life on the inside and learn the language. Avoid tourist bubbles such as air-conditioned sightseeing coaches, and squeeze onto the brightly coloured ‘Chicken Buses’ of Central America that take you from village to village.

1. Decide which of the following titles is the most suitable.
a. How to have an authentic travel experience
b. The most authentic travel experience ever
c. Why a travel writer has to have authentic travel experiences
a. Authentic travel is when a person experiences comfort zone
2. What is the writer’s purpose in the first paragraph?
b. to point out what qualifications a travel writer must have
c. to emphasise how good he is at his job
d. to explain how tiring being a travel writer can be
e. to define what the job of a travel writer involves
3. Why did the editor disapprove of the writer’s choices?
a. He was making the places sound too beautiful.
b. He described stereotypes rather than reality.
c. His style of travel writing wasn’t what it should be.
d. He was paying too much money for his experiences.
4. What are ‘cultural zoos’?
a. places where cultural activities are reproduced for tourists at a cost
b. museums, ancient sites and other cultural places to visit
c. places that offer culture from around the world
d. places where tourists can by cultural items
5. What is authenticity?
a. involvement into every instant of a visited country
b. identification the sphere of the country
c. knowledge of the travelling route
d. practice of communication
6. According to the writer, which of the following IS NOT an ‘authentic’ moment?
a. taking a selfie with an elderly Samoan who offered you a drink
b. travelling on a village bus
c. joining crowds at famous tourist attractions
d. hanging out at places with local teenagers

Choose one topic and discuss it in written form.
Topic 1: Some countries are very popular among a wide range of people while there are countries that people want to visit less. What makes any country be attractive for tourists? Express your opinion.
Topic 2:
Some people think that zoo is the best way to protect animals while others suggest other ways of defending them. What is the best way to protect animals? Express your opinion.

Present a talk answering the questions in the card.
Card 1
Do you like animals? Why?
What’s your favorite animal? Why?
Are people in your country fond of animals?
What kinds of animals as a pet do the people have in your country?
Card 2
Do you have a pet? What is it?
What are the most popular pets in your country? What animal do you think makes the best pet? Why? What are the pros and cons of keeping a pet?
Card 3
Why do people have pets? / Why do people keep pets? Is it popular in your country to have a pet (pets)?
What can children learn by having a pet? Why do some people not like pets?
Card 4
Do you consider yourself an animal lover? Why/Why not? What can people learn from animals?
Do you think it is a good pattern in general to judge people by their attitude toward animals? Explain why.
How do you feel about the use of animals for medical research?
Card 5
What is culture shock?
Have you ever experienced culture shock?
Have you ever felt confused by the actions of someone from another culture? If so, tell about it.
What has surprised you when you’ve met people from other countries?

Card 6
What do you think is interesting about your own culture? What do you like most about your own culture?
What do you like least about your culture?
If you could change one thing about your culture, what would it be?
Card 7
What is the best/most important thing your culture has?
What is the best/most important thing your culture/country has adopted from another culture?
What is considered rude in your culture?
What are the five most important values of your culture? (For example, Family)
Card 8
What is your favorite city? Why? What makes any city be attractive?
What are some cosmopolitan cities around the world? What is a special place of your city? Why?
Card 9
Can you describe the city you live in?
How would you describe the architecture of your city? What aspects of life in the city would you complain about?
What do you think should be done to improve living condition in cities?

Listen/watch to teenagers telling about their resolutions for a new academic year. While
you are listening/watching try to find equivalent words/phrasesfor the definitions below.Write no
more than TWO words.
Follow the link to listen/watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HZaOH4TjwE
1. to reduce the amount of coffee to have more sleep
2. arriving at the correct time and not late
3. the grades that you receive in your high school classes are all averaged together
4. degrees or steps in a scale as a quality, performance/ your marks on particular subjects
5. to be absent from
6. relating to a subject of academic study chosen as a field of specialization

After the listening task, teacher asks learners to interview each
other on resolutions for a new academic year. They have to prepare at least 5 higher order
thinking questions in small groups. They work in pairs, exchange the questions, and get answers
from partners.
Work in groups. Make up 5 higher order thinking questions about resolutions for a new academic
year. Exchange questions with your classmates in a group. Ask and answer the questions. Pay
attention to vocabulary and the use of future forms correctly.
Examples:
1. What is the top priority resolution in your list? Why have you chosen it?
2. Why will it be important to make resolutions in the beginning of the academic year?
3. If you cannot resolve one of them, what will you do?
4. How will you organize your steps to follow your resolutions?
5. What are the benefits and drawbacks of making resolutions?
Interview questions assessment sheet (for teachers)

Make a list of things that you are planning for this academic year. Follow these headings
that help you to brainstorm as many things as you can:
— Communication (classmates, teachers)
— Personal interests/ hobbies
— Physical and mental health
— Time management
— Learning strategies
After that write a paragraph choosing one of the points by providing your plans on it. In your
writing include topic-related vocabulary and use future forms structures.

Before the listening task, teacher can ask some questions to activate learners’ background
knowledge about Copenhagen.
Listen/Watch a video about Copenhagen (a capital of Denmark) and answer the questions
individually. Check your answers in pairs. Follow the link to listen/watch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpKgR5O7X8I
1. In the speaker’s opinion, why do Copenhageners (people from Copenhagen) have mixed
culture (Western Europe and Scandinavian)?
2. What is the speaker’s attitude to the “an arm and a leg” costs in Copenhagen?
3. Is it important to learn Danish when people go to Copenhagen? Why?
4. What does the speaker think about Copenhagener being outgoing?
5. What is the speaker’s general opinion about Copenhageners?

Assessment guidelines:
Teacher gives cards about different cities with the description of typical problems in those cities.
Students are to work in groups of three. She/he asks learners to predict what possible
solutions/hypotheses of those problems can be and propose any alternative ideas to cope with
them. After that, they have to present their ideas to the class. After presenting, other group
members evaluate alternative ideas. Students have to pay attention to the use of specific language
patterns to make hypotheses and evaluate proposals. Possible language patterns to make
hypotheses are: the more higher buildings are in the city, the more environmentally friendly areas
appear in it /the more spaces you get, the more opportunities you have to develop/there is a
significant difference in/it can be different from/as a number of skyscrapers increases, the average
number of people who live an urban areas should increase too/the possible solution to this
problem might be.
Possible language patterns to evaluate proposals are: it is a good idea to solve the problem, it is
acceptable, it might be a wrong step to overcome it, you can add “this” to the solution and etc.
Look at the cards, discuss the problems, seek for possible solutions of them and propose
alternative ideas to solve the problems.
Card #1
People in Copenhagen are hardly out of their shells. What could you do to help people
get out of their homes? (For example, to organize community service events such as
concerts, festivals and etc.)
Card #2
Nur-Sultan is becoming one of the biggest cities in the world, but not everyone is
aware about this change. What can be done to increase the popularity of the city all
over the world?
Card #3
Almaty is popular with its tourism in Kazakhstan. What could be done to attract
tourists from other countries?
After discussion, learners present the problems, possible solutions and alternative proposals to the
whole class. Others assess the responses following assessment criteria.
Assessment sheet
Put tick (✓) if the response corresponds to the criteria and give feedback

Look through the text and choose the best option for each question below.
1. What is the main purpose of the text?
A)The text gives information about the yurt and its exterior and interior construction.
B) The text is about the nomadic life of Kazakhs who lived in yurts.
C) The text is about the importance of yurts in nomadic life.
2. Which statement conveys the general idea of the text “Construction of a Yurt”?
A)A yurt is a round-shaped, sophisticated construction with a dome.
B) A yurt consists of three main parts and many other smaller parts.
C) It was a common practice to have separate yurts as rooms.
3. The main idea of the text “Kazakh Yurt — a sustainable and comfortable construction” is:
A)It is a shelter constructed to follow the own laws of the Kazakh culture and to provide
comfort through the whole structure.
B) It is a product of the culture, which dominates the nature and changes it on its own way
according to the rules.
C) It is a shelter, which protects people from heat, winds and rain keeping cool air inside.
4. The main idea of the text “Yurt interior decorations” is:
A)All types of traditional craft are in the interior design.
B) How interior design is connected with nature and the universe
C) Interior design reflects the whole nomadic life of Kazakh people.
5. According to the text Kazakh yurts were aimed to:
A)illustrate the nomadic life of Kazakh people
B) be applied as a traditional home of nomads
C) be recognized by merchants, ambassadors, travelers from foreign countries.
Kazakh Yurt
A yurt is one of the oldest and greatest inventions of Eurasian
nomads. At all times a yurt was a practical and convenient,
portable accommodation.
Kazakh yurt
The snow-white dome in the green foothill of Jaylyau, a fabulous
play of carpets and tekemets, a perfect prefabricated structure,
which can be easily assembled or disassembled if needed, —
traditional home of a nomad… is that — a legend or reality?
This original house, a traditional phenomenon of portable Kazakh houses had been evolving
towards perfection for centuries. It has been recognized by researchers as «the most perfect type of
portable shelters and impressed the travelers and merchants, ambassadors of foreign states and
medieval historians.
Construction of a Yurt
AYurt is a round-shaped, sophisticated construction with a dome. When explaining its structure
in simple words, it consists of three main parts and many other smaller parts. The three mainparts
include Shanyrak – top of the Yurt, Kerege – walls carcass and Uyk – a carcasspart from the
Kerege to the Shanyrak. The carcass is usually covered with pieces of felt on the outside and
decorated with carpets on the inside.
A Yurt usually does not have rooms in it, and it was a common practice to have a separateYurt as a
bedroom, a separate one as a kitchen, guesthouse, etc as long as people couldafford that.
Kazakh Yurt — a sustainable and comfortable construction
The Kazakh yurt is a product of traditional Kazakh culture based on the ecological balanceand
sustainability, a product of a culture that does not seek to dominate and change thenature but seeks
to learn its laws and follow them in a daily life. Perceiving the nature as a natural shelter, nomads
created their house by the own laws of nature.
A nomad made the Yurt easy for assembling and disassembling, and with the help of one camel
and two horses the entire construction of the yurt and decorations of the interior are easily
transported. The dynamism of the nomadic life is wholly reflected in the optimal comfort of a
Yurt’s structure. It keeps the cool air inside during hot summer days, protects from cold piercing
winds in winter and does not get wet from pouring autumn rains.
Yurt interior decorations
The connection to the nature and the universe is also reflected in the interior design of the Yurt.
Flower patterns of tekemets (felt carpets), abstract, cosmogonic ornaments of baskurs (woven,
patterned ribbons encircling the inner perimeter of the yurt), all these reflect the perception of the
Kazakh nomads about the world structure and beauty among which they live. Almost all types of
Kazakhs’ traditional craft can be found in the interior decoration of the Yurt. The multi-coloured
patterns of ornaments, rich texture and flexibility of wood-carvings, different type of embroideries,
felt carpets, leather handiworks and metal items, thus creating a unique polyphony of colors and
lines.
Glossary
Portable — capable of being carried or moved about.
Medieval – having a quality associated with Middle Ages.
Evolve – develop, work out.
Felt — a cloth made of wool and fur often mixed with natural or synthetic fibers through the action
of heat, moisture, chemicals, and pressure.
Embroideries — the art or process of forming decorative designs with hand or machine needlework.
Carve — to cut into pieces or slices.
Wood carving – fashioning or ornamenting objects of wood by cutting with sharp tools.
Dwelling – a house, flat or other place of residence.
Universe – the whole body of things and phenomena

Write a paragraph of the opinion essay that provides information about the importance of
a yurt for nomads. Use adjectives complemented by that, infinitive and wh- clause.
Begin your paragraph with the sentence:
At all times a Yurt was a practical, convenient and portable accommodation.
Criteria for developing a paragraph:
— give the reason why yurts were practical, convenient and portable
— support it by giving two examples
— restate your reason
— use adjectives complemented by that, infinitive and wh- clause

Listen to the mini-lecture about culture shock and choose the best option for each question
below. Follow the link to listen: http://esl.bowvalleycollege.ca/listen/mp3/cultureshock.html
1. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of culture shock?
A. Feeling confused
B. Feeling lost
C. Being tired or unable to sleep
D. Being surprised by the new culture
2. The honeymoon period is characterized by feelings of:
A. Acceptance and comfort
B. Happiness and excitement
C. Nervousness and fear
D. Anger and frustration
3. From the listening, what does «get on somebody’s nerves» mean?
A. To bother someone
B. To excite someone
C. To surprise someone
D. To calm someone down
4. During the integration stage the person will:
A. Want to return home
B. Begin to feel comfortable
C. Join the new culture
D. Feel very uncomfortable
5. When does reverse culture shock happen?
A. When you arrive in the new culture
B. When you live in another country for a long time
C. During the integration stage
D. After you return home
6. Which is NOT true about culture shock:
A. Culture shock is different for everyone.
B. The honeymoon stage usually lasts three months.
C. Some people don’t have a honeymoon stage.
D. Culture shock is different from a cross-cultural surprise

Speaking about culture shock
The teacher creates a spinner marked into 4 quadrants and labeled “Predict, Explain,Summarize,
Evaluate.” Learners can be divided into two-three groups. After doing the listening task, the
teacher gives the spinners and askslearners to answer the questions based on a position of the
spinner. For example, if the spinner lands in the “Summarize” quadrant, the teacher might say,
“In one sentence express the characteristics of each stage of culture shock.”
Task: Spin the spinner and according to its lying position answer the following questions in a
quadrant. Explain your opinion and comment on others’ answer, where relevant.
Predict: How long do you think each stage can last?
Explain: Can you give details of “humor stage”? What are the characteristics of the second stage of
culture shock? Give two examples of emotions during the first stage.
Summarize: What is culture shock? Who can experience this feeling?
Evaluate: Based on the recording What is author’s intention? What are pros and cons of culture
shock? What are its greatest challenges?

Read the text about culture shock. Choose the best option for each question below the text.
The Honeymoon Stage
Everything is exciting and new. You might think that the new culture is ideal, and you might think
that it is much better than your own. If you are sometimes frustrated or have problems, you quickly
recover. Everything is quite positive, the people in the new culture are very nice. This stage can last
for months, or maybe only a couple of days. It is called the tourist stage because tourists generally
do not stay in a different place long enough to have culture shock.
Shock
In this stage, all the little problems and frustrations appear much bigger! You may be very
preoccupied with cleanliness (you think everything is dirty and unhealthy); you may be worried that
other people want to rob you or cheat you; you feel confused and lonely. During this stage, if you
find someone from your own country who has lived in the new culture for a long time, you may
become dependent on him/her. You may find other expatriates and complain together about the new
culture, making stereotypes of the people from that culture. You miss your own country and culture
a lot. If it is possible, you might try to go home.
The adjustment stage
If the shock was very hard, you will not get to this stage. If you do decide to stay, you eventually
learn to deal with the differences. You may try to integrate the new culture with your own beliefs.
You begin to learn the language and make more friends. You have the occasional crisis, but you
develop a positive attitude towards it. Maybe you can even laugh about your difficulties! This
period of adjustment can be slow, and it is always possible to go back a stage into shock again.
Acceptance or Acculturation
You can now live with the new culture. Although it is difficult to be completely assimilated, you go
through important personal changes and growth as you become integrated into the new culture. You
develop a bicultural identity.
Re-entry shock
This is the shock of coming back home. You return from your time in another country and
everybody is happy to see you again. The only problem is that you have changed a lot in ways that
they haven’t and they don’t understand that you have changed. Nobody wants to relive those
fascinating, cultural memories. You almost feel like a stranger in your own culture.
1. The author’s main purpose in this passage is:
a. To explain culture shock feelings
b. To identify culture shock stages
c. To clarify bicultural identity
2. The passage is mainly concerning:
a. Cultural differences of other countries
b. Expressing feelings of culture shock
c. Stages of culture shock
3. What statement expresses the main idea of “Shock” stage?
a. In this stage, all the little problems and frustrations appear much bigger!
b. During this stage, you may find other expatriatesand complain about the new culture.
c. You miss your own country and culture a lot; you might try to go home.
4. Which text is about making oneself to deal with challenges?
a. “Honeymoon stage”
b. “Shock”
c. “Adjustment stage”
5. Which statement provides the main idea of the text “Re-entry shock”?
a. You return from your time in another country
b. People do not understand your changes.
c. You feel like a stranger in own culture.

Explain the reasons of experiencing culture shock, why people feel it when they are
abroad.Use conjunctions such as although, however, nonetheless, in spite of and etc.

Read the text and answer the questions below.
1. How do digital natives and digital migrants see the world today?
2. What does keeping up with friends require nowadays?
3. Who are the majority of social media users in the world?
4. 72% of what category of Facebook users make at least one new friend every week?
5. How many monthly active Facebook users were there in the second quarter of 2009?
6. Who dominates the use of social networks in the UK?
7. In what social media activity do adults come before younger users?
8. What do you think of the criticism levelled at those who overuse social media?
The value of social media
For digital natives who never knew life before social media, the world seems like it has
always been the same but for digital migrants, the present looks nothing like the past. If you were
born in the late 1990s onwards, just try to imagine what your life would be like without Facebook.
Twitter or Instagram. Does it look appealing to you? Probably not. Your social interaction depends
so much on social media and keeping up with friends requires you to be online most, if not all, of
the time. This is why your parents and friends probably keep urging you to get from your
computer or put your smart phone down and spend more time with them.
In the UK, for instance, the use of social networks is dominated by the 40% of young people
between 16 and 24 years old who are on social media and the 75% of these between the ages of 25
and 44 who use Facebook. Add to this the fact that, in 2014, Facebook and Youtube were the top
social media sites assessed by 8-15-year-olds in Great Britain.
What do young users spend their time doing on social media? There are a number of things
but the top activities are finding out what friends are doing, sending them messages and knowing
what they are watching or listening to. This is for 16-24-year-olds, followed in second place by 25-
34-year-olds, who come first in keeping in touch with relatives.
In the midst of this entire buzz about social media, alarming voices warning of the dangers
of such a situation can be heard. Some people argue that young people’s overuse of social media
represents an addiction that threatens their real-life communication skills. Moreover, this addiction
can distract them from their studies and affect their concentration, especially given the many cases
of use of social during class that have been reported. Meanwhile, overuse of social networks by
adults can harm their relationships. Other disadvantages include wasting time, identity theft, cyber
bullying and crimes against children.

. Find words or expressions from the text with the following meanings
1. attractive
2. staying in touch with
3. trying persistently to persuade someone to do something
4. grown or developed rapidly
5. hardly
6. approximately
7. excited interest or talk about something
8. get someone’s attention and prevent them from concentrating on something

You will hear a description of a house. You will hear the monologue twice. For questions, 1–5 fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the box given below:

1. A table is between the .

2. A is behind the sofa.

3. A is next to the bed.

4. A is between the bed and the wardrobe.

5. A is on the floor.

Read the following description of the Red Wolf and answer True/False questions. Write True or False in front of each statement.

The Red Wolf is the most endangered of all the wolf species. The Red wolf is from the eastern United States. It has a smooth reddish coat, a silver-grey forehead, long ears and long legs. They are like a German shepherd dog. The red wolf belongs to the Canidae (dog-like) family; they are wolves, foxes, dogs. Red wolf family usually have between 2 and 10 wolves. Red wolves eat small animals like rabbits, mice, squirrels. They also hunt together as a group to catch a big animal like deer. Red wolves usually hunt alone or in small groups. Red wolves live in forests and near mountains. Female red wolves have 4-6 babies. They live with their mother for 2- 3 years. Today, about 50 red wolves live in forests and mountains and about 200 live in zoos.
lamp, rug, bedside table, desk, sofas
1. The Red Wolf is the most dangerous of all the animals.

2. The Red wolf is similar to German shepherd dog.

3. Wolves, foxes and dogs belong to Canidae family.

4. The Red wolves do not hunt at all.

5. Female wolves usually have 4-6 babies.

Use the following questions to write a description of an animal, which lives in Kazakhstan. Write a paragraph, which is between 40 and 60 words long. Use at least ONE time any of the following connectors: and, but, or.
1 What is the animal’s name?
2 What colour is the animal’s body?
3 Where does it live?
4 How does it hunt?
5 What family does it belong to?

1 Theme: Home, sweet home.
Discuss this topic with your teacher. Use the ideas from the pictures to develop conversation. You may talk about the ideas of your own. You may make notes.

2 Theme: We should stop killing animals
Discuss this topic with your teacher. Use the ideas from the pictures to develop conversation. You may talk about the ideas of your own. You may make notes.

Work in small groups.

You are going to build a new house. You need materials to build your house. There are some names of the materials in the box. Choose and discuss in your group what materials you will use in building the house. Explain your ideas by using ‘be made’ construction.

 For example:  We will build a new house.

Our house will be made of wood.

Write words in the boxes under appropriate pictures in the space provided.

 Teacher reads the following instructions:

turn left                             round about        next to              go past            

take the second left         turn right             opposite           go straight on

take the second right      traffic light         

Listen to the teacher. Look at the map and tell where the main cities are. Use “south, north, east and west.

Example: Where is Almaty?

Almaty is in the north – east of Kazakhstan.

1. Where is Aktobe?
2. Is Astana in the centre of Kazakhstan?
3. Where is Aktau? Is it in the east?
4. Is Shymkent in the north of Kazakhstan?
5. Where is Astana?
6. Where is Oskemen?
7. Where is Pavlodar?

Listen to the story and complete the task.

 Go to the link to listen to the story 

https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/short-stories/pyramids-paris

Transcript for the teacher: Something very strange happened last month. A naughty, young giant moved all the world’s famous landmarks. People around the world were very confused. He put the Pyramids in Paris. “And on your left the … Pyramids?” He moved the Leaning Tower of Pisa to London. “Here we can see the famous… leaning tower of … London?” He swapped the Sydney Opera House with Stonehenge. “Hey, where are the stones, man?” When his mum saw the newspaper she was very angry. “Kevin! Go and put them back in the right place, you, naughty boy.” “Yes Mum.” So don’t worry. If you go to London, Cairo, Pisa or Paris today, you’ll see all the landmarks in their correct place.

Answer the questions.

1. Where did naughty young giant move the Pyramids?
2. Where did naughty young giant move the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
3. Where is the Sydney Opera and Stonehenge according to the giant?

Work in pairs. Ask your classmate.

1. Are there any famous landmarks in your country?
2. What are their names?
3. What is it? Do you know who built it?
4. Do lots of people visit it?
5. What do people do there when they visit it?

In the pictures there are rooms of Sponge Bob and Mickey Mouse. Draw a similar plan of your room. Describe your room to your partner.

Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions about his/ her house. Draw your partner’s house according to his story. Present your findings to your classmates.                                                                                             

Describe the pictures. Talk with your classmates about rooms of your house. Describe your room.

Example: Bedroom is bigger than kitchen. Living room is the biggest room in the house.

Read the text. Look at the map and answer the questions.

 This is my home city. It is not very big and it is cozy. We have a very nice Furniture store and a school just next to it. There is a Stadium in the centre of the city. There is a fountain to the right of the Café.

Questions:

1. What is to the left of the Furniture store?
2. Are there any houses in front of the Bank?
3. Are there any buildings at the back of the Stadium?
4. Are there any houses in front of the Café?

Read the texts and then answer the questions. Discuss them with the whole class.

Write your daily routines. Use the phrases below.

Get up      have lunch       have breakfast       go to school     get dressed      

do homework    go to bed      play volleyball    go home     morning exercise

 Look at the pictures and match them to their descriptions. Add some sentences in the space provided expressing your opinions and wishes.

Write a report about a place where you live. Exercises below will help you to organize your ideas.

 Write adjectives in the right place.

Big,  expensive, small, calm, cheap,  busy,  traditional,  horrible,  modern,  old,  new,  dirty,  clean, lovely,  packed with tourists,  cosmopolitan,  lively,  boring, noisy, touristy.

Read and put the words into the box under the correct type of noun.

 Weather, rain, cake, book, dog, snow, cheese, snake, information, fruits, equipment, tree, woman, city, village, country, climate.

Fill in the blanks. Use some, any, no.

1. Have you got _____ chocolate cake?
2. There are ———————– children in the garden.
3. I think there is ——————— butter in the fridge.
4. We met ——————— nice Asian girls on holiday.
5. I like _____ kind of cake.
6. Can I have _____ sugar?
7. We’ve got _____ amazing chocolate cake, and _____ carrot cake.

Complete the questions. Use some, any, something, nothing, anything.

1. I saw _____ outside the window.
2. There’s _____ there.
3. Has _____ happened?
4. You don’t want to ask _____ else?
5. Have we got _____ onions?
6. There is _____ to wait for.
7. There are _____ flowers on the bed.
8. Does he know _____ about computers?
9. You have bought _____ for us.

Work in pairs. Look at the pictures.

Learner A: Choose a picture. Present your ideas to the class. Evaluate the feedback and respond to it.

Learner B: Give feedback to your classmate on presenting his/her thoughts.

Asks questions to clarify the ideas.

Swap the roles.

Read the text and think what words can be put in the gaps.

 Listen to the text and fill in the gaps with missing words. 

CD1. Tapescript 1.

 There are 4 texts in the recording. The teacher can use any of them.

 My favourite thing has to be my new tablet. It’s really light and quite _____________, so I take it with me everywhere. I’m always writing messages to friends and it’s big enough to do college work on it too. It takes really good _____________, and I play games and listen to _____________ on it as well, of course. I often download _____________ onto it, and watch them in _____________.  My mum says I’m _____________, because I’m always on it. I even read things on it at breakfast time. I’m not allowed to use it at _____________ time, though. I have to be _____________ and talk to people then. “Welcome back to real life,” my mum says.

 Answer the following questions:

1. What is the favourite thing of the author?
2. Does the author use it only at home?

Read the text.

The lion and the mouse

A lion is sleeping in his den. A mouse runs into the lion’s den, jumps on his head and sits on his nose. The lion is angry. He takes the mouse in his strong paw.

“What are you doing, silly mouse?”, roars the lion. “I will eat you”.

The mouse is crying. “Please, don’t eat me.Perhaps one day I can help you”.

The lion laughs when he hears it. How is a little mouse going to help the King of Beasts? However he lets the mouse go.

Some days later the mouse is looking for food in the forest. Suddenly she sees the lion in a big net. The mouse begins to chew the net. She is making big holes in it. And the lion jumps out from the net. He is free.

“There”, says the mouse. “You see how a little mouse can help a lion”.

 Choose the correct answer.

1. In his den the lion
2. a) is jumping.       b) is sleeping.      c) is eating.
3. The lion is going
4. a) to kill the mouse.       b) to eat the mouse.      c) to play with the mouse.
5. The mouse
6. a) is laughing.      b) is running away.       c) is crying.
7. When the mouse sees the lion in the net she
8. a) is running away.       b) is laughing.      c) is chewing the net.

Read the sentences and write T for True or F for False sentences.

1. The lion and the mouse are good friends. ___
2. The lion kills the mouse. ___
3. The lion is sleeping in the den. ___
4. The mouse helps the lion. ___
5. The lion is free.               ___

Read the text and complete the chart with the main ideas.

LIVING THINGS AND NON-LIVING THINGS

 In nature we can find living things and non-living things. Rocks, air and wind are non-living things  People, animals and plants are living things. The main characteristics of living things are:

— They are born. All living things are born from another living thing.

— They eat. All living things need food to eat.

— They grow. All living things increase in size during their lifetime.

Sometimes they change in appearance.

— They react. Living things can perceive what is going on around them, and

they react to what they perceive.

— They reproduce. Living things can create offspring similar to themselves.

— They die. Living things stop functioning and cease to live.

Read the text. Answer the question below.

 My favourite animals

 My name is Bob. I like animals and I have got a cat at home. I take care of my pet by feeding it. I spend much time with my cat.

The cat’s name is Murka. She is little and black. The cat has got a small nose, big green eyes and a nice tail. I like to play with my cat at home. Murka prefers to sit under the table in the kitchen or to lie on the carpet in my room. My cat likes to purr sitting near me.

 Answer the question below and explain your answer:

1. Why does the author like his cat?
   1. because he likes animals.
   2. because he likes the cat’s name.
   3. because Murka likes to purr near him.

Link for the text: http://speakworld.narod.ru/topic3.htm

Read the words in the box. Do they name living or non-living things?

Use the dictionary to check the meaning.

Classify them using the table.

Write a short story using the picture below. Follow the instructions:

1. Give a title to the story.
2. Make up a short plan.
3. Write the main idea.
4. Give three details.
5. Write a summary sentence.
6. Use your draft organizer.
7. Follow the layout structure.
8. Write a short essay.

Write about the things in the pictures.

Use the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives.

Change the tense in each of the following sentences. Use the tense given in brackets.

1. My father loves seafood. (change to past simple)

My father _____ seafood.

2. Do you like films? (change to past simple)

________ the film?

3. My sister doesn’t have a job. (change to past simple)

My sister ________a job a year ago.

4. He speaks four languages. (change to past simple)

He _________  four languages last year.

5. He reads a lot of books in his spare time. (change to past simple)

He _______ a lot of books in his spare time last summer.

6. He liked his job. (change to present simple)

He _______ h isn’t at home. (change to past simple)

Elizabeth _______ at home yesterday.

8. Are they here? (change to past simple)

___________ here a year ago?

9. He liked the job. (change to present simple)

He _______ the job.

Choose the appropriate verb. Circle it.

1. They can/ might be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.
2. You may/mightleave now if you wish.
3. Could/Mayyou open the window a bit, please?
4. He can/could be French, judging by his accent.
5. May/Can you play the piano?
6. Listen, please. You may not/might notspeak during this exam.
7. They can’t/may notstill be out!
8. You couldn’t/might notsmoke on the bus.
9. With luck, tomorrow can/couldbe a sunny day.
10. You can/mightbe right but I’m going back to check anyway.

Listen to the story. Circle True or False for these sentences.

Go to this link to listen:http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/listening-skills-practice/firstday-school

1. Jing and Tania are in the same class. True False

2. Their teacher is a man. True False

3. Jing knows where the classroom is. True False

Teacher reads sentences. Do this exercise while you listen. Write a number (1-4) to put the conversation in right order.

Transcript for Task 2

Tania: Hi. I’m Tania. What’s your name?

Jing: Hello. My name’s Jing.

Tania: Nice to meet you, Jing. What class are you in?

Jing: I’m in Class 1B. And you?

Tania: Me too. I’m in class 1B too.

Jing: Who’s our teacher?

Tania: Mr. Smith.

Jing: And where’s our classroom?

Tania: This way. Come with me. Jing: OK. Great.

Listen to the conversation. Circle True or False for these sentences.

Go to this link to listen information: https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/en/grammarvideos/school-rules

1. You mustn’t take pets to school. True False

2. You mustn’t eat in Class. True False

3. You must shout in Class. True False

4. You must wear a school uniform. True False

5. You mustn’t do your homework. True False

6. You mustn’t arrive on time. True False

There are rules for a library. Put the words in the correct order.

1. must quietly. You speak -You must speak quietly.

2.eat You drink. or mustn’t — _________________________________

3. books. must the return You — _______________________________

4. phone. your mustn’t You use — ______________________________

5. the listen You librarian. must to — ____________________________

6. mustn’t run. You — ________________________________________

Write 2 sentences with should (advise) and 2 sentences with need (necessary).

Example: You should be at school on time. ______________________

Example: You need to be polite with your classmates. _________________

Transcript for Task1 GRAN: Oh Kitty, what’s the matter?

KITTY: Nothing!

GRAN: Kitty! KITTY: I got into trouble at school today because I took Hero to school!

GRAN: You mustn’t take pets to school!

KITTY: But why?

GRAN: Because it’s a rule. Can you think of any other school rules? Things you must or mustn’t do?

KITTY: Hmm. I mustn’t eat in class, I mustn’t shout or be cheeky and I mustn’t take pets to school!

GRAN: And what about things you must do?

KITTY: We must wear our school uniform, we must do our homework and we must arrive on time. Oh, and our teacher said that tonight I must stay up late and I absolutely must watch a film!

GRAN: Now, that’s cheeky! You must go to bed early before I catch you. I’m coming after you!

Connect A and B columns to join two parts of compound nouns together.

Choose 3 words from the table above and write sentences with them. Example: Our Classroom is light and clean with a lot of flowers.

1._____________________

2.____________________

3.___________________

Teacher studies this rule together with learners. Passive Voice

Subject – Verb – Object is called Active Voice. However, sometimes the subject and the object can trade places. This is called the Passive Voice.

Active Voice: The dog bit the cat. Passive Voice: The cat was bitten by the dog.

Active Voice: John wrote this novel. Passive Voice: This novel was written by John.

To use the Passive Voice, you say: Object + [Be Verb + Past Participle] + by + Subject *Remember: the Be Verbs are am, is, are, was, and were. *The passive voice is usually past tense.

These sentences are in the Active Voice. Rewrite them using the Passive Voice. Example:

1. The dog ate the food. The food was eaten by the dog.

2. The car hit John. _____________________________________________

3. Jenny wrote the letter. _________________________________________

4. Julie answered the question. ____________________________________

5. That boy stole the money. ______________________________________

6. Many children took the test. ____________________________________

7. Several people watched the new movie. ___________________________

8. The poor children used the free computers. ________________________

Choose 2 school objects in your classroom and write short stories about them in passive voice. Tips for writing:

• Write 4-5 sentences.

• Say where it is put on.

• Say what it is made of.

• Say where it is used.

• Say where it is bought.

• Say what it is used for.

Example: A poster This is a poster. It is put on the wall. It is made of paper. It is used in schools. It is sold in bookshops. It is covered with words and pictures.

Exchange the writing paper with your partner and check the following. Give feedback to your partner’s work.

Peer Assessment list

Teacher studies this grammar points together with learners.

Adjectives go before nouns and they go in particular order. The list below shows what order you should put adjectives in within a sentence.

Example: My mother gave me one beautiful, big, flat, new, green, striped, Egyptian cotton bed sheet.

Are the adjectives in the correct order? Make up correct sentences.

1. I would like two, generous, gigantic slices of pie.

2. That new, lovely girl is in my Class.

3. Mom is a beautiful, tall, Armenian woman.

4. Last year was the longest, worst year of my life.

5. That green, tiny, pretty gem is my favorite.

6. I like to have at least one, trustworthy, old friend.

7. We will eat off of the ugly, square plastic dishes.

8. France is a huge, graceful, old country.

Teacher studies this grammar points together with learners.

Grammar rule: A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed:

-ing adjectives: The common -ing adjectives are:

Shocking, surprising, interesting, exciting, tiring, worrying, boring I read a very interesting article in the newspaper today.

-ed adjectives:

The common –ed adjectives are:

Bored, worried, closed, excited, delighted

I am bored. He is excited.

Circle the correct adjective.

1. The history textbook is interesting/ interested.

2. The movie was boring/ bored.

3. My parents are exciting/ excited about the school trip to Astana.

4. My friend is surprised/ surprising with exam results.

5. We are tiring/ tired with boring lessons.

Learners work in pairs. Learner A asks questions to Learner B. After they swap the roles.

Questions about school:

Where do you go to school?

What grade are you in?

Do you like the grade you are in?

Do you ride the bus to school?

What is your teacher’s name?

What is your favourite thing to study at school?

What are you studying in school right now? Math? Language? Arts? Science?

What is your least favourite thing to study?

Do you have lots of homework to do each night?

Who is your best friend?

Design your ideal school with a partner. Make some notes.

You are going to present your ideal school to the class. Use your notes to prepare a mini presentation.

Useful language:

Our ideal school is/has…

We think that…

We would like more/less…

And that’s all.

Ask questions to your friend to get information about him. Then swap the roles.

1. ____________________ ? (first name)

2. ____________________? (last name)

3. ____________________? (country)

4. ____________________? (nationality)

5. ___________________ ? (age)

6. ___________________ ? (hobby)

7. ___________________ ? (favourite subjects)

8. ___________________ ? (telephone number)

Write 3 paragraphs about yourself. Answer the following questions:

1. Think about you school. What is good and bad about your school?

2. Think about your week. What do you enjoy doing? What do not you like doing?

3. Write the school subjects which you like/ dislike.

Tips for writing:

• I have 3 paragraphs writing.

• I answered all 3 questions.

• I answered the questions explaining why (because, but, that’s why, and, so).

‘My World’

____________________________

Read the text and do the task below.
Dream school
Everyone in Britain knows Jamie Oliver, the multimillionaire TV chef. Jamie’s school experience is not successful. In the UK, 47% of young people leave school at 16 with very bad results. Jamie is now on TV with his program ‘Jamie’s Dream School’. The programme tries to create the school that Jamie wanted when he was younger. A class of 20 kids aged 16-18 are taught subjects by a hip hop vocalist Tinchy Stryder and around-the-world sailor Ellen MacArthur. The idea is to make the young people to become interested in learning and to feel positive about school.
Mark sentences True or False.

1. Jamie Oliver is famous for cooking. _____________

2. Jamie passed a lot of exams at school.____________

3. Dream school is a reality TV programme._____________

4. Jamie wants to help young people to learn more at school._____________

5. The teachers at Dream school are education experts._____________

Read each sentence below. Write facts in the blank if it is a fact. Write opinion in the blank if it is opinion. A fact is something that is true and can be proven. An opinion is what a person thinks or feels.

Is it a Fact or an Opinion?

1. Blue is the prettiest colour. ______________

2. My mum went to the store on Monday. ______________

3. A camel is a mammal. ______________

4. Apple tastes great. ______________

5. Everyone should go to the movies on Friday. ______________

6. Malika’s dog is a poodle. ______________

7. Bears are very interesting. ______________

8. My friend is the best baseball player. ______________

9. Picnics are better in the summer. ______________

Vocabulary list “Helping at Home. Household chores” Listen to the vocabulary list. Raise the number to the word or name a number. Teacher can give learners cards with numbers from 1-12 or ask them to write the numbers in their copybooks in an order teacher reads.

Teacher reads: Cleaning the bedroom, making the bed, setting the table, dusting, doing the laundry, taking out the trash, vacuuming, cooking, putting away the toys, washing the dishes, ironing, sweeping.

Give a report on your questionnaire results to your peer. Use phrases:

I found that…

The most favourite household chore is…

The least favourite household chore…

… has many Yes…

… has many No…

Work in a group. Describe pictures.

Work in a group. Look at the pictures. Choose the words from the box and label them. Study the words. Voluntary work

Make up a short story and tell it before the class. Use the following questions for your story:

 Can you do any voluntary work?

 What can you do?

 How can you help other people?

 Can you think of voluntary work children can take part in?

 At what age do you think children can be a volunteer?

 At what age do you think children can volunteer?

Listen to the man talking about school. Answer questions 1-4 first, continue listening and fill in the gaps (5-6). You will listen to the audio twice. The audio track and transcript for listening task can be found after the mark scheme.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences
1. Why do kids don’t like going to school? A) The lessons are long. B) Subjects are boring. C) They have to wake up early.
2. What activity is not mentioned? A) science experiments B) playing sports C) playing computer games
3. What can students do five days a week? A) English lessons B) see and play with friends C) school lunch
Fill in the gaps with ONE WORD only.
4. According to the speaker, exams are ___________, but if you study, you will do well in them.

5. The speaker would love to go back to school. If he had a chance, he would try his best in all ___________.

Listen to the speaker and mark sentences True or False. Go to this link to listen: http://www.listenaminute.com/h/heroes.html

1. Speaker does not respect people. ___________

2. Speaker says that rock stars are not heroes for him. ___________

3. Speaker is sure that heroes get money for what they do. ___________

4. Speaker says that people who help others are heroes. ___________

5. Speaker says people do not notice heroes in our life. ___________

Transcript: I don’t really have a hero. There are many people I respect, but they are not really my hero. Some people choose very strange heroes. My friends have rock stars and football players as heroes. Of course, these people are very good at what they do, but they’re not really heroes. They get lots of money for doing what they love. When they’re not singing or playing football, I wonder what they’re doing. I think most of the world’s heroes are unsung heroes. People who work to help others every day. We generally don’t notice these heroes. Then there are those who put their lives on the line for others. Fire fighters, police officers and soldiers are heroes. Without them, the world would be less safe.

Read the text and identify True (T) and False (F) sentences. Write True (T) or False (F) in front of each statement.

“Helping …”

If your friend has a problem, you probably try to help him or her. However, do you know that animals also help each other? In a film about animals, a zoologist explained that scientists were learning a lot about the ways that animals behave. For example, he said that when he studied a group of dolphins, he saw something unusual. Dolphins need air to survive, but one of the dolphins in the group was too weak to swim to the top of the water. So, several dolphins quickly swam under him and pushed him to the top of the water where he could get air. Then, they held him there until he was strong enough to swim alone. A scientist in Africa told another example of animals helping each other. The scientist was watching a local elephant eating some leaves from a tree. Suddenly, another elephant arrived. Animals often attack other animals that enter their territory and eat their food, so what happened next surprised the scientist. The second elephant was hurt and could not get its own food, so the first elephant pulled a small tree from the ground and put it into the weak elephant’s mouth. For that reason, there are some questions to answer. When animals help one another, does it also improve their chances of survival or are they just being nice? These are just some of the questions that scientists are still trying to answer.

1. According to the film, animals can be very cruel to the weak once. _____

2. Dolphins pushed another dolphin to the surface of the water to save it’s life. _____

3. The scientist observed how groups of elephants were eating leaves; Suddenly, another elephant attacked them. _____

4. Usually animals dislike other animals that come to their living place. _____

5. The elephant started to feed the weak one. _____

Read the biographies of three famous people and match the story with a picture. Discuss answers.

1. He was born in Liverpool, England in 1940. He wanted to be an artist. In 1962 he formed the band “The Beatles” with Paul Mcartney, George Harrison and Ringo Star. He married Yoko Ono, a Japanese girl. One of the greatest albums was “Let It Be”.
2. He was born in October 23, 1940, in Brazil. He was the son of a minor league soccer player. He grew up in a poor neighbourhood, where a poor boy could only play soccer. He played for his first soccer team at the age of eleven. Some years later, they took him to Santos where he became one of the best. In 1970 he played for Brazil’s World Cup team and brought the title to the team.
3. He was born in San Francisco in 1955. He became interested in computers when he was a teenager. In 1974, he got a job as a technician at the video game maker Atari. He and Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976. He created Oscar-winning movies such as ‘Toy Story’ and ‘Finding Nemo’. His name has a connection to innovative products like the iPod, iPhone, iTunes and iPad.

Choose a hero from the provided fact files and write a biography about him/her according to the given plan. Write 60-80 words.
Paragraph 1: name, when/where born, early years;

Paragraph 2: achievements, later years;

Paragraph 3: your opinion, feelings, and comments about the hero;

Fact file 1

Fact file 2

Read the story.
HELPING AT HOME
Today is Sunday. My family and I are at home, and we have different responsibilities for today. My two brothers clean their bedroom. They make their beds and clean the windows. My sister Sarah helps my mother in the kitchen. My mom has been cooking since she was 8. I clean the living room and the dining room. I sweep the floor and dust the furniture. But I don’t clean the bathroom on Sunday, my brothers clean it. My father washes his car every Sunday. I sometimes help my dad and he helps me with my homework. He is great! We have a dog. Its name is Dingo. It is also a member of the family and it helps too. It takes the newspaper into the house. We are a great family and a great team!

Write questions to the answers. Put a question using the pronoun “whose” to the given sentence:

My father washes his car every Sunday. ______________________

Put a question using the pronoun “how often” to the given sentence. I sometimes help my dad. ________________________

Put a question using the pronoun “how long” to the given sentence. My mom has been cooking since she was 8. _______________

Work in pairs. Choose one of the cards and make a dialogue with a partner. Give own opinion on topic, ask questions, explain your position and answer your partners’ questions.
You have 1 minute to prepare and 2 minutes to talk.

Write some sentences about how you can help at elderly home. You can answer the question below. Help at elderly house

Can teenagers do any voluntary work at the elderly house? What can you do in the morning/in the evening/in the afternoon?

___________________________________

Where can you help? Name some places.

________________________________

Read the text.
Mrs. Brown’s grandfather lived with her sister and her husband. Every morning he went for a walk in the park. One morning a police car stopped near Mrs. Brown’s house, two policemen helped Mr. Brown to get out. One of them said to Mrs. Brown: «The poor old gentleman lost his way in the park and telephoned to us for help». Mrs. Brown was very surprised, but she thanked the policemen and they left. «Grandfather», she then said, «You go to that park nearly every day. How did you lose your way there?» The old man smiled and said: «I didn’t lose my way. I was tired and I didn’t want to walk home!»

Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

1. What did Mrs. Brown’s old grandfather go to the park for?

A) for pleasure B) for a walk C) for amusement D) for recreation

2. Who did the old man live with? A) with her sister and her husband B) with her brother and her husband C) with her wife and her husband D) with her daughter and her husband

3. Who came out of the car one day? A) firemen B) soldiers C) policemen D) doctors

Read the story.
Helping
If your friend has a problem, you help him. Do you know that animals also help each other? For example, one scientist studied a group of dolphins. Dolphins need air to swim. Once one of the dolphins in the group was too weak to swim. Group of dolphins quickly swam under him and pushed him to the top of the water for air.
Complete the sentences according to the writer.

1. When friends are in difficult situation, ________________.

2. Animals in nature also _____________________________.

3. The author gives an example of ______________________.

4. This story is about one dolphin that ___________________.

Look at the example and complete the sentence. Use words from the vrackets. Example: He likes dusting at home.

1. They are fond of ________________ (vacuum) at home.

2. He dislikes _______________________ (make the bed).

3. She likes_________________________________ (iron).

4. He hates_________________________ (make the bed).

5. She is a master at__________________________ (cook).

Ask 2 classmates questions and fill in the table.

Find someone who

Listen what Joshua tells about his school in Japan. Choose the correct answer.
Go to this link to listen: http://www.esl-lab.com/elem/elemrd1.html
Transcript can be found after the rubrics.
1. Which item did Joshua NOT take to school?
A) Backpack
B) Gym clothes
C) School hat
2. What is one of the first things Joshua does when he comes to school?
A) He stands and bows to the teacher.
B) He practices his reading and writing.
C) He puts on his gym clothes for class.
3. Where does Joshua eat lunch at school?
A) In his classroom
B) In the lunchroom
C) In the gymnasium
4. What time does Joshua get home from school?
A) at 1:00 PM and at 2:00 PM
B) at 2:00 PM and at 3:00 PM
C) at 3:00 PM and at 4:00 PM

Work in pairs. Read the examples and possible answers. Then make up your own 3
questions about your class or school and ask your partner. Swap the roles.
Example:
1. What subject’s homework do you like? Why?
2. What are good and bad things about your school? Explain your answer.
3. What do you enjoy doing at school and what do you dislike doing? Explain your
answer.
Possible answers:
1. I prefer doing homework in Biology because it is always interesting for me.
2. Good thing in my school is that on Saturday we always have clubs and lessons on
Music and Art
3. I enjoy staying with my friends and I dislike doing difficult problems in Math.

Do the crossword.

Across 2. Every morning I ____ the plants.

5. My father usually ____ the dishes.

7. My mother usually _____ the meal.

8. Jack is a lazy boy. He never _____ at home.

9. I always ___ the floor with a mop.

10. I usually _____ the table before meals. Down

1. My brother sometimes _____ the window.

3. Tom always helps at home. He usually ______ his bed in the morning.

4. I usually sweep the floor with a ______.

5. My sister ______ the clothes.

6. I always _____ the floor at home.

Answer keys:

Across: 2.Water, 5.whases, 7.cooks, 8. Helps, 9.mop, 10.set.

Down:1.Cleans, 3.makes, 4.broom, 5.washes, 6.sweep.

Read the text and complete the tasks below.
Greg likes to help his mom make cookies. Chocolate chip cookies are
his favourite. His mom likes them too.
He adds the chocolate chips to the batter. Then he stirs them in. He
forms the batter into balls and places them on a baking sheet. His mom
places the baking sheet into the oven.
When the cookies are in the oven, Greg licks the last bits of batter from the bowl. He can
hardly wait for the cookies to be ready.
In 30 minutes the cookies are finished baking. The cookies are hot and yummy.
Answer the questions.
1. What kind of cookies are Greg’s favourite?
__________________________________________
2. What does he do when the chocolate chips are in the batter?
_____________________________________________
3. Where does he place the balls of batter?
____________________________________________
Choose the correct answer.
4. What is the best name for this text A) Cookie Dough B) Making Cookies

Study this grammar rule and do the task below. What is an irregular adverb? Irregular adverbs are adverbs that are not formed from standard English spelling conventions. Because they do not follow the “rules,” there is no trick to using them: you simply have to memorize them. Here is a table of the most common irregular adverbs and their adjectival counterparts.

Read and say. Are the underlined words adjectives or adverbs?

The team arrived late after the match. _________________

Please, work hard. __________________

Jane is a late sleeper. __________________

My husband is a fast cook. __________________

Teachers pointed straight up at the ceiling. _________________

Zorana dances very bad. _________________

Fill this information in about yourself. My household chores

1.My favourite household chore/s at home are/is ____________

2.I am rather bad at _______________because____________ but I am quite good at _____________because ______________

3.I am _______ enough at, but I am _______ too ________ at __________.

Write about your Sunday household chores.
Follow the steps for writing:
 Write one sentence about Sunday.
 Write what household chores you can do at home to help your parents or elderly people.
 Write about your feelings after help.
 Explain why it is important to help people.

Listen to the dialogue and complete the sentences. Go to this link to listen: http://www.5minuteenglish.com/apr16.html

1. Children are coming ____________________________ .

2. The children must _________________ clean the house.

3. Tommy has to wash and dry the ________________.

4. Tracy has to sweep and mop the _________________ .

5. Evan has to clean the _______ __________________.

6. Dad has to clean the __________________________.

Transcript Mother: Children, Grandma and Grandpa are coming to visit this evening and I need you to help me with some chores. Have you all made your beds? Children: Yes, Mom. Mother: Tommy, I want you to fill the dishwasher and then wash and dry the big dishes that can’t fit in the dishwasher. Tommy: Okay. Mother: Tracy, I want you to take out the garbage. Then sweep and mop the kitchen floor, okay? Tracy: Sure. I’m excited Grandma and Grandpa are coming. Mother: And Evan, would you please clean the bathroom? Evan: Oh Mom, I hate cleaning the toilet. Mother: Okay, you clean the sink and bathtub, and I’ll clean the toilet. But then I would like you to help your Dad clean out the garage. Deal?* Evan: Yeah. Mother: Okay then, let’s get started. I’m going out to mow the lawn. Come get me if you need me. *Deal?= do you agree?

Read the sentences and choose the right form of a pronoun. Complete the sentences using possessive and reflexive pronouns including mine, yours, ours, theirs, hers, his, myself, yourself, themselves.

1. I told ____________to calm down.
2. You cut ____________on this nail?
3. He hurt ____________on the stairs.
4. She found ___________in a dangerous part of town.
5. The cat threw ____________under my car!
6. We blame ______________for the fire.
7. The children can take care of ______________________.
8. This bag is______________.
9. ___________is not blue.
10. That bag looks like___________________.
11. These shoes are not ______________.
12. That car is________________.
13. ____________is parked in the garage.

Before listening, revise simple classroom commands with learners.

You see ten different pictures. Each picture has a letter below. I will read your sentences describing different classroom actions. Listen to my sentences and show/say the letter describing the action.

For teacher to read: 1. Do not be late; 2. Bring your supplies; 3.Work in groups; 4. Do not cheat; 5. Do not talk; 6. Work in pairs; 7.Clean the blackboard; 8. Raise your hand; 9.Help each other; 10. Do matching exercise.

Read the text carefully and do the tasks below.

Most people would agree with the definition of good health as being in a state where you are free from sickness. Despite this, there are many different opinions about how a person can actually have good health. People used to only think of their health when they are sick. But these days more and more people are taking actions to make sure that they don’t get sick. One of the ways to feel healthy and to stay in shape in the same time is to lead a healthy lifestyle.
Having a healthy diet can help promote good health. Food like vegetables and fruits should be eaten several times each day. It is also important to eat food high in fiber such as beans, grains, fruit and vegetables. Fiber helps your body to digest the food you eat. It also helps your body in other ways such as decreasing the chance of getting some cancers, heart disease and diabetes. Avoiding food with a lot of sugar, salt and fat is a good idea. Eating these kinds of foods can lead to a variety of health problems. The main one is obesity. Obesity means having so much fat on your body that you are risking your health.
However, eating junk food is very popular among young people. Everybody knows that fast food is cheap and quick. However, it is not as tasty as food cooked at home. Young people prefer to eat pizzas, hamburgers and French fries but they should eat soup instead. Fast food companies spend lots of money to make people believe that fast food is cool. Consequently, the average American eats three hamburgers with French fries a week. Is it surprising that 14% of American teenagers are obese?
Nowadays, there is a health care organization, which is devoted to create new eating habits so that we can have a healthier generation. Researchers hope that in future food companies will be more worried about how to make food healthy and not how to make money.
52
1. Choose the correct answer. 1. The author thinks that people worry about their health if … A. they are ill B. they visit a doctor C. they feel good D. they get stress

2. Having a healthy lifestyle helps people to A. make friends B. cut out healthy products C. keep fit D. eat bigger portions
2. Each sentence has a mistake. Underline the mistake in each sentence. Replace it with the correct information. Write no more than THREE words. 3. According to the text, cavity can become a health problem through eating food with a lot of sugar, salt and fat.
4. According the text, fast food doesn’t cost much and it is as delicious as homemade food.
5. According to the text, young people try to show that junk food is cool.
6. According to the text, a health care organization works on a new menu to make a generation healthier.

Listen to the conversation of two friends and choose the correct answer A, B, or C.

Go to this link: http://www.esl-lab.com/nightlife/nightliferd1.htm

1. What is Stuart planning to do with his friends?
A) go for a drive and have a picnic
B) watch a football game
C) see a movie and have dinner

2. Why does Amy say she can’t go with them?
A) She has to study for an exam.
B) She doesn’t have any spending money.
C) She already has plans to attend a party.

3. What are they planning to do at the end of the evening?
A) watch a video
B) have a party
C) play some games

4. How is Amy getting to the activity?
A) She’s driving her car.
B) Stuart’s giving her a ride.
C) She’s taking the bus.

5. What time does Amy want to be home?
A) at 10:30 p.m.
B) at 11:30 p.m.
C) at midnight

Work with your partner. Ask questions to your classmates about hobbies.
Learners work in pairs. The task is to ask questions to classmates.

Carry out a Survey
Example:
A: Excuse me, I’m doing a survey on hobbies.
Would it be OK if I asked you a few questions?
B: Sure. Go ahead.

Write your results.
I have asked questions _____________________________________
I have learned that________________________________________

Learners are divided into pairs; each pair is given 2 different pictures. Learners are not allowed to show their pictures to each other. Learner A gives clear description of his/her picture, while the Learner B listens carefully to this description and draws a picture close to it. They can ask questions for more details. Learners reverse their roles. Having completed the task they compare their pictures with original.
These pictures can be used as an example.

Learner A. You are given two pictures. You are not allowed to show them to your friend. Describe these pictures to your partner. You can answer some questions of your partner. Compare pictures. Swap the roles.

Example: I want to tell you what I can see in my picture…

Learner B. Listen to the description of the pictures. You are not allowed to look at them. Draw pictures of what you listen. You can ask different questions to get more information. Compare your pictures with the original. Swap the roles.

Read the text and identify the aim of it. Choose the heading for the text from suggested list. Explain your answers.

My hobby is reading. Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers.
Television has not killed reading, however. Today newspapers and magazines are sold in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and entertainment.
Books at home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure, and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have dictionaries. Every home should have an atlas of the world, with large maps. A good encyclopedia is useful, too, because there you can find information on any subject.
It is important to have some fiction on your shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelf and read the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets.

1. The aim of the text is
A) to promote watching television
B) to increase the interest in reading
C) to present that books are very expensive way to pick up information and entertainment.

2. The suitable heading for this text is
A) People must read the books
B) I am interested in collecting books
C) Reading is a useful hobby

Retrieved from http://www.alleng.ru/engl-top/254.htm

Learners are in pairs. They are given the texts A and B. They are not allowed to show texts to each other. Learner A reads his/her text once to Learner B. Learner B marks sentences True or False while listening to the text. Learners take turns.

You are given the texts. Do not show your texts to each other. Read your story to your friend. Listen and mark sentences True or False. Swap the roles.

Learner A
Text А
MY HOBBIES / INTERESTS
My name is Luke. My favourite hobby is photography. When I have time I take lots of pictures. I take photos when I’m at my grandparents’. They live in the country, near the forest and have a big garden. It’s an ideal place for me. Sometimes I encounter some animals there. I try to take a picture of them. My Dad helps me to choose the best photos. I send them to magazines. I won a photo competition once. I’ve got a beautiful album called “wonders of the World”. Dad says we are going to our grandparents’ for the weekend. I can’t wait! I will be able to take lots and lots of photos.
Also I have my board games. I can play Monopoly or Scrabble with Dad or Mum. I also have Trivia quizzes or the Millionaire. These are my favourite games that have cards with lots of questions about sport, people and the world around us. They are great!

Find out if it is True or False from Text A

1. He doesn’t like board games. __________
2. They have two computers at home. __________
3. He likes playing hide and seek. __________
4. He enjoys being Aragon. __________
5. He likes playing football. __________

Learner B
Text B

MY HOBBIES / INTERESTS
I also like both computer games and board games. We have one computer at home but sometimes Dad brings home his laptop and we can play a network game.
My favorite computer games are strategy, sport and adventure games. I got my first computer two or three years ago and my first game was FIFA 2003. This is a game where you play different football teams. It was great. My favorite adventure game is Broken Sword III. As for strategy games, I like Command Conquer best.
When I’m outside with my friends we also play certain games. Not the silly games for little children, like hide-and-seek or piggy-in-the middle, but more serious things. We play pirates, who fight with each other to get the treasure or the Lord of Ring – I like to be Aragon best. And of course there is nothing better than good game of football played with your friends!

Find out if it is True or False from Text B
1. His favorite hobby is playing games. __________
2. His grandparents live in the village. __________
3. He took part in a competition. __________
4. He is never bored with computer games. __________
5. He plays board games with his parents. __________

Val’s Garden
I am new to the city. I do not know anyone. But an old woman lives next door. Her name is Val. She gives me a big box of vegetables.
She grows them in a garden by the sidewalk. There are carrots, tomatoes, beans, and peas. They are the best vegetables I ever ate. Val lives alone, too. But she seems happy in her garden. She loves plants. Sometimes, I can hear her talking to them. Maybe that is why they grow so big.
One day, I stop seeing Val in the garden. I see people take many boxes from her home. Weeds grow in her garden. The dirt is dry. The plants look sad. Val must have passed on.
So I pull the weeds. I water the garden. I even talk to the plants.
Then a family moves next door. They are new to the city. They do not know anyone. And I give them a big box of vegetables from Val’s garden.

1. What kind of vegetable did Val not grow?
A) tomatoes
B) carrots
C) corn
D) beans and peas

2. Why was the new family lucky?
A) They moved into a good neighborhood.
B) They had lots of friends in town.
C) They were lucky because the writer of the story took care of Val’s garden even after she died.
D) They had good jobs.

3. What is something that the writer of the story did not do after Val died?
A) pull the weeds
B) water the garden
C) talk to the plants
D) learn about Val’s family

Read the definition and write the word from the text.
1. a wild plant growing where it is not wanted __________________
2. long, thin, orange-coloured vegetables. They grow under the ground, and have green shoots above the ground. __________________
3.a paved path for pedestrians at the side of a road __________________

Read the text and choose the right explanation to the word.

Nowadays everybody knows that people are very busy and do not have much time to spare. It is necessary to have hobbies or leisure activities to make life more interesting and exciting. There are so many of them to choose: painting, computer programming, photography, fishing, gardening, cooking, dancing, learning languages, collecting something, etc.
Each person chooses his own way of spending time, either active or passive, which depends on his or her character and age.
Some people prefer doing sports for example, football, volleyball, basketball, mountain climbing, horse riding, karate, judo etc. There are many sports clubs, swimming pools, gyms and sport grounds for everybody who loves sports. Sport makes you healthy, strong and more sociable.
Travelling is also a good way to spend free time. Visiting new places, seeing sights and meeting new people is very exciting and relaxing. You can travel by car, by ship, by train, by plane or you can go hiking to the riverbank, to the forest or to the seashore. It is wonderful to put up a tent, make a fire and spend time in a picturesque place.

1. to spare
A) someone has more than enough of (something)
B) to need (someone or something) for support, help,
C)to like (someone or something) better than someone or something else
D) to allow (time) to pass in a particular place or while doing a particular activity
2. exciting
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people
3. depend on
A) someone has more than enough of (something)
B) to need (someone or something) for support, help,
C) to like (someone or something) better than someone or something else
D) to allow (time) to pass in a particular place or while doing a particular activity
4. sociable
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people

5. relaxing
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people
6. picturesque
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people

Read the text and choose the right explanation to the word.

Nowadays everybody knows that people are very busy and do not have much time to spare. It is necessary to have hobbies or leisure activities to make life more interesting and exciting. There are so many of them to choose: painting, computer programming, photography, fishing, gardening, cooking, dancing, learning languages, collecting something, etc.
Each person chooses his own way of spending time, either active or passive, which depends on his or her character and age.
Some people prefer doing sports for example, football, volleyball, basketball, mountain climbing, horse riding, karate, judo etc. There are many sports clubs, swimming pools, gyms and sport grounds for everybody who loves sports. Sport makes you healthy, strong and more sociable.
Travelling is also a good way to spend free time. Visiting new places, seeing sights and meeting new people is very exciting and relaxing. You can travel by car, by ship, by train, by plane or you can go hiking to the riverbank, to the forest or to the seashore. It is wonderful to put up a tent, make a fire and spend time in a picturesque place.

1. to spare
A) someone has more than enough of (something)
B) to need (someone or something) for support, help,
C)to like (someone or something) better than someone or something else
D) to allow (time) to pass in a particular place or while doing a particular activity
2. exciting
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people
3. depend on
A) someone has more than enough of (something)
B) to need (someone or something) for support, help,
C) to like (someone or something) better than someone or something else
D) to allow (time) to pass in a particular place or while doing a particular activity
4. sociable
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people5. relaxing
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people
6. picturesque
A) spending time resting or doing something enjoyable
B) causing feelings of interest and enthusiasm
C) very pretty or charming
D) liking to be with and talk to other people

Listen to her telephone interview with Callum. Which of these different types of media does he use a lot? CD1. Tapescript 2.
Go to this link to listen “Language Leader” p.22 SB Pre-Intermediate.

Newspapers magazines television radio the Internet

Teacher studies or revises this material together with learners.

What are compound adjectives?

Compound adjectives are adjectives that are made up of two or more words usually with hyphens (-) between them.
Examples:
• An English-speaking country
• A time-saving gadget
• A thirty-floor building
How are compound adjectives formed?
Compound adjectives can be formed as follows:
• Adverb-past participle / noun + ed
a well-known writer
a brightly-lit room
deeply-rooted traditions
a well-mannered girl
• Adjective-present participle (verb + ing)
a good-looking boy
a free-standing tower
• Noun-past participle
a tongue-tied boy
a sun-dried fruit
• Adjective-past participle / noun + ed
a short-sighted man
a long-haired lady
• Noun- adjective
a world-famous singer
• Adjective- noun
a last minute solution
deep-sea diving
• Noun-noun
a part-time job

Check yourself. Divide compound adjectives below into four columns. One is done for you as an example.

An old — established tradition, a green — eyed boy, a dark-blue uniform, a bad — tempered man, a navy — blue hat, an old — looking building, a fast — running horse, a home — made cake, blue — uniformed soldier, a heart — breaking story red — roofed house, a well — known actor.

Task
Look at the pictures below and express your opinions and ideas.
Learners can work in groups or in pairs. Suggest discussing the following question to your learners.
Teacher: Men have various hobbies, depending on geographical location and national traditions of their countries. What do you think about the following topic?
“Hobbies of men in different countries”

1. Can you guess men of what country like doing it? Why?(American, English, Brasilian,Italian, Norwisian)
2. What suggested hobbies are popular in Kazakhstan? Why?

Gardening

Teaching dogs to do tricks

Winter hunting

Talking/ Chatting

Playing football

Work in pairs and do the matching of the given pictures and the words below them. Take turns in describing hobbies using the learned vocabulary.

Teacher shows a slide or a picture with different hobbies. Teacher monitors the learners’ participation in the discussion and level of knowledge of the learned vocabulary while learners do matching exercise.

1. PARACHUTING
2. PLAY BASKETBALL
3. CUBA DIVING
4. RUNNING
5. RIDE A HORSE
6. BUNGEE JUMPING
7. PLAY CARDS
8. SLEDGING
9. SNOWBOARDING
10. PLAY FOOTBALL
11. ROLLERBLADING
12. HIKING

Write three paragraphs essay about your dream hobby. Make up about 3 sentences using if/unless as first conditional, 3 sentences with defining relative clause with proper connectors.

Example: If I choose my dream hobby, I will be a chef. I think that people who like cooking are very creative, because they make different recipes.

Use the following structure:

Introduction: Why hobbies are important.
Main body: Describe your dream hobby.
Conclusion: Every person should have his own hobby.

Look at the table below. Read the name of the activity, brainstorm ideas for the possible dangers and risks. Write a paragraph, answering the question why you do not want/want to do it. Fill in the table. Number 1 is done for you.
Learners work individually, they fill the table in and write down a short paragraph using the adverbs worse, more carefully, less, more, sooner, better. Learners exchange the works and do proofreading. Learners are allowed to make corrections, expressing likes and dislikes.

Listen carefully and write the words in proper places. Picture 1 is done for you.
Teacher spells the words of hobbies twice in a quick tempo. Teacher can use a shorter list on his/her own initiative (parachuting, diving, drawing, skateboarding, snowboarding, horse riding, sledging, hiking, sunbathing, hunting, planting, mending).

Work in groups of 4-5. Look at the pictures below and make up a short story in written form. Use these questions to write your short story.
What do you think about such kind of a family rest?
Why is it important to have a free holiday time together with your parents? Why do you think so?
Recall your last trip with your family. Where did you go? What did you do there? Who did you meet with?

Teacher informs learners that number of words is not important. After they swap their papers with another group and evaluate the paper of the peers. Each group evaluates the other group ideas before the class with 2 advantages and 1 recommendation.

Example: Last summer was unforgettable for me. I spent a week together with my family.

Read the text and put punctuation marks in proper places.

Teacher suggests learners to work in groups or in pairs. Learners are given the task to put punctuation marks in a piece of writing.

Hobbies and leisure time
When a person is not at work or at school we say that he has free time he can do whatever he wants but most people prefer not to waste their time they usually devote it to something interesting they go shopping play sport games read books in big cities people spend their free time by going to the theatre cinema museums art galleries concert hall fitness or disco clubs a person can choose any of them when the weather is fine most people prefer to go for a walk along the streets with their friends or get out of the city.

Read your story to your peer and explain the choice of your punctuation marks. Swap the roles.

After having done the task, learners present the writing in pairs explaining their choice.

Listen to two people talking about their free time. Are the sentences True or False? You will listen to the recording twice. CD2. Tapescript 1.

Example: Jack likes rock music. True
1. Jack does not love watching sport. _______
2. Jack loves horror films. _______
3. Jack sees his sister every week. _______
4. Jenny likes Chinese food and Jack loves Mexican food. _______
5. Jenny loves soap operas. _______
6. Jenny likes flying. _______

Read nouns in the box and choose only abstract nouns. Complete the table with 11 abstract nouns. There are more than 11 of them in this task. Number 1 is done for you
Learners work in pairs or in small groups. Teacher monitors the work in a group and elicits knowledge of the grammar points.

Discuss with your partner what parts the complex nouns below are. After the discussion give two examples of complex nouns on the topic “Hobbies and Leisure”.
Football, basketball, table tennis, ski jumping, sky diving, swimming pool, rock collecting, beekeeping, scrap making.

Your examples:_________________________________________

Choose the correct pronoun. Underline the right one.

Example: Did mother find my shoes?

1. Mrs. Baker wants to see my/your homework.
2. Can Jake bring over his/her baseball cards?
3. Samantha will fix her/herself bike tomorrow.
4. The cat broke its/it leg.
5. I made these cookies themselves/myself.
6. You yourself /itself asked Jake to come.
7. My teacher didn’t know the answer herself/himself.
8. We would like to finish the renovation before Christmas our/ourselves.
9. They them/themselves told me the lost shoe wasn’t a problem.

Write sentences about your hobby. You should write full sentences. Use some connectors and linking words but, and, because, when, while, etc. Include the following information:

 Example: I like skiing because it is a healthy activity.

What your hobby is?

_____________________________

When and who you usually do it with?

_____________________________

Why you like doing it?

____________________________

Is your hobby popular among teenagers?

_____________________________

Complete the following exercise with LITTLE or A LITTLE, FEW or A FEW.

1. He was sad because he had ___________ friends.
2. Contrary to my wife I only need ___________ minutes to get ready in the morning.
3. A hundred years ago, ___________ teenagers could read and write in this country.

Read the text and complete the task.

Kate and the Internet
Kate’s first class starts at eight o’clock in the morning and it is 1.30a.m now. The only sound that you can hear in Kate’s small room is the clicking of a computer keyboard. Her mum does no longer know what to do. Every day, it’s the same. “Kate does no longer pay attention to her studies or to the report she has to present next week. She ignores all types of homework. Her mother says: “She cares only about the conversations she carries on with people from all over the world without caring about her grades or her friends in real life”.
The Internet access in American households increases, that’s why the number of teenagers who spend a long time of their lives online, has increased too. Psychologists say: “Look out! An increasing number of teens is going into a new form of addiction”. In an interview Kate declared: “I’m destroying my future and I am becoming isolated from the society,” “I failed English last year… I didn’t care about my studies but at least, I feel free. In fact, I can talk to others about any topic without being afraid of the consequences”.

Match parts of sentences in column (A) with parts of sentences in column (B). Write the answers in column (C).
Example: 0.The only sound that you can hear in Kate’s small room
d) is the clicking of a computer keyboard.0-d

In each gap, write either «MUCH» or «LITTLE» or «MANY» or «FEW».

1. Mathematics is a subject I know very ________of.
2. She’s gone already? But I am only _______ minutes late!
3. «Give that beggar _______ extra money», the old man said.

Fill in the dialogue with “Too much” or “How much” or “How many” or “A lot”.

A: Would you like some cheese?
B: Yes please but not _____________.
A: Can you pass me some envelopes?
B: ___________?
A: ___________ people came?
B: ___________.

Make a travel brochure.  Visit the link to the site http://zunal.com/introduction.php?w=1684  and learn how to do this task. Include the following information into your writing piece.

 Travel brochure

1. a color drawing of the planet
2. at least five (5) facts about the planet
3. a nickname for the planet (one that you have made up)

3.an advertising motto or slogan that encourages tourists to visit this planet

Read the examples and make up your own questions. Ask and answer them. Assess each other according to the Assessment sheet.
Learners work in pairs. Firstly, one learner answers the questions the second learner assesses him/her on the criteria then they swap the roles. Teacher decides and includes in the Assessment sheet what vocabulary will be checked in this speaking task.

Example:
1. What piece of technology can’t you live without? Why?
2. How often do you watch TV? Explain your answer.
3. What’s your favourite gadget to communicate with friends? Explain your answer.

Possible answers:
1. I can’t live without a cell phone because of its practical use.
2. I watch TV only at weekends, because I don’t have much time.
3. I’m fond of a cell phone and the reason is that it connects me to the world.

Name____________________________ Date_____________________________

Assessment sheet

Complete the sentences using Gerunds. Don’t change the meaning of the sentence.

1. My friends talk on the phone for hours.

My friends enjoy ________________________.

2. I do my housework and then I usually watch TV.

After _________________________________.

3. I really don’t need to go to the shops on Sunday

I can’t stand ___________________________.

Complete the task using infinitive.

1. Laura didn’t want to tell me the secret.
Laura didn’t feel like _________________________.
2. My parents use the car more often than the motorbike.
My parents prefer ____________________________.
3. She sent me an email. I phoned her.
Instead of __________________________________.

Read the text and complete the task.
Computers

A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The first use of the word «computer» was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations
At the beginning, computers were as big as a large room. It is only later they have become smaller and smaller, accessible to anyone. This has given way to personal computers. Later developers created new applications to help users perform many things from word processing to image editing. A large scale of programs, some free and others costly, have opened new horizons in information technology.
Now computers have noticeable impact on social relations. They have enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organision. With the Internet, working with computers has become a part of our daily lives thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. In addition to face-to-face communication that characterized humans for centuries, a new form of virtual communication has become more predominant.

Choose True or False.
1. The word computer is a new term.
A. True
B. False
2. Computers were accessible to anyone at the beginning.
A. True
B. False
3. All computer applications are free.
A. True
B. False
4. Computers and the Internet have shaped new social relations.
A. True
B. False

Answer the questions and speak before the other groups. You have 5 minutes to be ready and 5 minutes to present your ideas.

Learners work in the groups of 3-4. Teacher prepares two discussion tasks for learners. Teacher gives 5-8 minutes for them to brainstorm the ideas and present their findings to the class.

Question 1.
In today’s world, is a phone a necessity for people of all ages, or is it just a luxury item? Why or why not? How do people who grew up without mobile phones feel about this?

Question 2.
Many teachers have concerns about Learners’ use of cell phones at school and in the classroom. Think of three reasons for and against this issue and explain your ideas from your own experience.

Work in small groups of up to 4-5. You have jumbled pictures. Put them in the order of sequences. Exchange the results with other groups.
Assess other groups with 2 pluses and 1 recommendation.

Warm up: Before looking at the picture, ask the learner if she/he has ever bought anything from a shop and had to return it. What happened?

Jumbled pictures – speaking. Cut the pictures up and jumble them up. Teacher and learner look at them one by one, and discuss what is happening in each picture. When you have discussed each picture put them in order and tell the story.

Alternative class activity. Show the learners the first and last pictures and ask them to speculate what the story will be about. Give each learner one or two of the cut-up pictures. Tell them not to show it to the others. Learners take it in turns describing their pictures to the group. The group listens to the description and decides what a good order will be. Finally learners look at all the pictures and revise their story if necessary.

Work in groups of 3-4. Answer the question: “Are computers friends or troubles in teenagers’ study in modern world?” You have 5 minutes to brainstorm the ideas. Fill in the table with 3 positive and 3 negative reasons.

Learners swap the papers and read the information of the other groups. Make comparison where it is possible. Learners discuss the results in any possible way.
Suggest learners to look at the map of 10 top countries with the highest number of Personal Computers.

Work in groups of 3-4. Answer the question: “Are computers friends or troubles in teenagers’ study in modern world?” You have 5 minutes to brainstorm the ideas. Fill in the table with 3 positive and 3 negative reasons.

Computers and study
Write 3 positive reasons in what way computers help you in your study Write 3 negative reasons in what way computers distract you from study
1. 1. Addiction
2. 2.
3. 3.

Learners swap the papers and read the information of the other groups. Make comparison where it is possible. Learners discuss the results in any possible way.
Suggest learners to look at the map of 10 top countries with the highest number of Personal Computers.

Task 2

Look at the map. Make some predictions what the map tells us about.
Together with your group give a summary including some interesting information.
Present the information in the following way:
It is interesting to us to know that
_________
We have learned that
________________

Example: It is interesting to us to know that India has the most number of computers than Italy and Brazil.

Listen to the story about mobile phones and choose the right option. You will listen twice.
Go to this link to listen information: http://www.esl-lab.com/ramfiles/smartphone.wax

1. The young man says he needs a new phone because
A) his parents took his last one
B) someone stole his last one
C) his phone is an older model
D) his parents want it

2. How many phones does the young man already have?
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

3. According to the conversation, what are the young man’s parents like?
A) friendly
B) generous
C) kind
D) smart

4. What do his parents want their son to do to get a phone?
A) take out money from his bank account
B) find a job and work to earn money
C) ask his brother if he can use an old phone
D) ask his sister if he can use an old one

5. What is the BEST word to describe the young man’s personality?
A) talkative
B) mean
C) self-centered
D) selfish

Write the names of the most popular gargets. Spell them to your peers and describe some of them. Tell how they work and what people do with them.

Teacher suggests writing the names of the most popular gargets.
Learners can do it in groups, in pairs or individually. Having done this work, learners are given the task to spell the words and tell the correct number of the picture. Learners are given the task to describe how some gargets work/how people use them and where people keep them.

Choose one popular garget and write a short story about it using Present Perfect Tense. Do not forget to use variety of basic connectors writing a coherent paragraph. Read your story to the other groups. Evaluate the peers’ answer with 2 positive and 1 recommendations.

Learners are given the task to describe some gargets using Present Perfect Tense. Learners work in a group of 4-5. Learners should write a paragraph and present it to the class. They listen to other answers and evaluate them.

Example:
My family cannot live without our laptop. We have already used it for 5 years. My dad uses it for writing different business letters to his partners. Firstly he has used his mail for …, then…

Listen to the story about mobiles and answer the questions. Circle the correct answer.
Teacher reads the story to the class.

I am standing in a queue at the supermarket. The woman in front of me is talking on her mobile while the shop assistant is filling her bags. I’ll say something if she doesn’t stop soon. No, I won’t. My phone’s ringing now. If it’s my boyfriend, I’ll tell him he’s late again! ‘Oh, it’s my Mum. Well, I’m just…’
Why are we so addicted to mobile phones? There are now over forty million people in Britain with mobiles and if the present trend continues, ever man, woman and child in Britain will soon have one – or two, or three!
They can be expensive and are possibly bad for us. You can spend a fortune if you use your mobile a lot. According to some scientists, if we go on using mobiles, we’ll cook our brains. Some people even say that radiation from mobiles causes cancer. Psychologists say we are becoming dependent on mobiles. Dr. Oliver James talks about ‘phoneliness’ – in modern society we are lonely, so if people ring us up or send us text messages, we feel wanted.

Listen and write the correct information.
1. The speaker is at the _____________.
2. The woman in front of the speaker is _____________.
3. The person who is calling to the speaker is _____________.

I am standing in a queue at the supermarket. The woman in front of me is talking on her mobile while the shop assistant is filling her bags. I’ll say something if she doesn’t stop soon. No, I won’t. My phone’s ringing now. If it’s my boyfriend, I’ll tell him he’s late again! ‘Oh, it’s my Mum. Well, I’m just…’
Why are we so addicted to mobile phones? There are now over forty million people in Britain with mobiles and if the present trend continues, ever man, woman and child in Britain will soon have one – or two, or three!
They can be expensive and are possibly bad for us. You can spend a fortune if you use your mobile a lot. According to some scientists, if we go on using mobiles, we’ll cook our brains. Some people even say that radiation from mobiles causes cancer. Psychologists say we are becoming dependent on mobiles. Dr. Oliver James talks about ‘phoneliness’ – in modern society we are lonely, so if people ring us up or send us text messages, we feel wanted.

Listen and mark sentences True or False.
1. People say that radiation causes cancer. _____________
2. Modern people are not dependent on mobiles. _____________
3. In modern society we are alone without mobiles. _____________

Listen to the story about a new invention. Circle True or False in these sentences. Do the exercise while you listen. CD1. Tapescript 1.

1. Wing-suits allow people to fly or glide. True False
2. Wing-suits are getting cheaper. True False
3. Gabriele Diamante’s water distiller is powered by the sun. True False
4. The «enable talk gloves» help people use sign language in really cold conditions. True False
5. James Cameron invented a new underwater camera. True False
6. MIT students have invented a new type of ketchup. True False
7. The last invention is a way of producing clouds indoors. True False
8. The science correspondent thinks the clouds are ugly. True False

Listen to the story.
Write at least three places where cameras are used.

1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________

Write at least three reasons why cameras are used:
1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3.______________________

Teacher reads the text to the learners twice. Learners listen to the text and do the tasks.

CAMERAS
One of the latest technological developments is cameras, which have been used for many years, especially to fight against crime. First, cameras have started to be installed in public places such as car, parks and shopping centres where the number of the staff isn’t enough to prevent theft. Recent surveys have shown that theft has decreased in the places where cameras are installed. Cameras have also been used in schools, colleges and office lifts to prevent the theft of valuable equipment such as computers. Secondly, cameras are helpful in preventing hooligans from spoiling the pleasure of the majority at some social events like football matches. They film people at large sporting events so it is easy to distinguish the people who are hooligans. Finally, cameras are used outside our houses as it is a good way of catching thieves. To conclude, it is possible to reduce crime and feel more secure by means of cameras.

Read the article.
Robots
A robot is a machine. But it is not just any machine. It is a special kind of machine. It is a machine that moves. It follows instructions. The instructions come from a computer. Because it is a machine, it does not make mistakes. And it does not get tired. And it never complains. Unless you tell it to!
Long ago, people imagined robots. Over 2,000 years ago, a famous poet imagined robots. The poet’s name was Homer. His robots were made of gold. They cleaned things and they made things. But they were not real. They were imaginary. Nobody was able to make a real robot. The first real robot was made in 1961. It was called Unimate. It was used to help make cars. It looked like a giant arm.
Robots are all around us. Some robots are used to make things, to explore dangerous places, to clean things.
In the future, we will have even more robots. They will do things that we can’t do. Or they will do things that we don’t want to do. Or they will do things that are too dangerous for us. Robots will help us fight fires. They will help us fight sickness. They will help make life better.

Read the text again and answer the questions.
1. A robot is _________________________________________
2. The first robot looked like ____________________________
3. The future robots will _______________________________

Listen and match each SPEAKER (1-6) with the kind of website (A-F) they are describing.

Speaker 1 A. shopping
Speaker 2 B. travel
Speaker 3 C. music
Speaker 4 D. news
Speaker 5 E. social networking
Speaker 6 F. video sharing

Work in groups. Divide 20 pictures into 3 or 4 categories. Name the categories and explain your decision giving arguments. Present your ideas to the class.
Find 2 positive and 1 negative facts about the groups’ presentations.

Read the article about unusual ways of keeping fit and identify TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) statements.

Korfball A mixture between handball and basketball, korfball is a fast, exciting game. The main difference is that men and women play on the same team. It’s also a great way to keep fit! The game began in the Netherlands about 100 years ago, and there are now korfball clubs in more than forty countries around the world. There are eight players on each team –four male and four female-and each player tries to throw the ball into the ‘goal’ which is a bit like a basket but bigger. You can’t touch your opponent, kick or run with a ball, and men can only attack against men and women can only defend against women. A game lasts for sixty minutes and the teams change ends after every two goals. ‘It’s a terrific sport and a great way to meet people.’ Says Paul Dicks of the British Korfball Association. Tai-Chi Tai-Chi is a Chinese martial art which goes back thousands of years. It is different from most forms of exercise in that it is very gentle. It consists of a series of slow movements which you must do very carefully and exactly. The big advantage is that you can do it anywhere , anytime, and you don’t need to be a member of a club or use any expensive equipment-all you need is a qualified teacher! Tai-Chi fans say it is an excellent way of getting rid of stress. Early in the morning, you can see people doing the gentle movements of Tai-Chi in parks all over China, and it is now common in the West, too. So what’s the secret of Tai-Chi? ‘mind and body working together,’ says one enthusiast.

1. Korfball is a great way to be in good health. T F [1]
2. The game began in the Netherlands about one century ago. T F [1]
3. All of the players try to throw the ball into the ‘goal’ that is similar to a small basket.  T F
4. Tai-Chi is a martial art where people do careful and exact movements. T F
5. You cannot do it anywhere because you need to be a member of a club. T F
6. Doing Tai-Chi is common only for people in China. T F

Choose one of the topics below and write an essay of 70-90 words long. Follow the questions, use topical vocabulary and pay attention to the grammar and essay structure.

Topic 1. “Having a hobby is important for each person. Do you agree?” Your essay may include:  How often do you do your hobby?  Who do you usually do hobby with?  Why do you like doing it?   Will your hobby help you to choose your future profession?

Topic 2. “Modern gadgets play an important role in students’ lives. Do you agree?” Your essay may include:  What kind of technology is it?  How can it help you with studying?  What are the good sides of it?  Will it be popular and useful in the future?

Work in your group. Look at the pictures and do matching with pictures.
Ask complex questions about technological gadgets to each other. You should ask about 2 questions each.

Example: What stands behind the invention of a coloured TV?

Card 1. Make a two-minute monologue on topic “Hobbies and Leisure”. The following questions will help you organize your speech:  What is hobby for you?  What hobbies do you know?  Why do people have hobbies?  What is the most popular hobby among girls/boys?
Card 2. Make a two-minute monologue on topic “Hobbies and Leisure”. The following questions will help you organize your speech: · What is the most popular hobby among boys/girls? · What is your hobby? · How long have you had this hobby? · Why did you start that hobby?

Card 3. Make a two-minute monologue on topic “Communication and Technology”. The following questions will help you organize your speech: · What social networking sites do you know? · What are the most popular social networking sites in your country? · Why do people use social networking site? · What social networking site do you use?
Card 4. Make a two-minute monologue on topic “Communication and Technology”. The following questions will help you organize your speech: · What do you do on social networking sites? · How often do you use social networking site? · What are advantages of social networking? · What are disadvantages of social networking?

Choose any topic and brainstorm ideas in groups according to the chosen topic and exchange the ideas. Write an essay about advantages and disadvantages on the following topics:
 Text messaging.
 Using mobile phones.
 Playing computer action games.
 Playing online games.
 Television (TV).
 Internet.
 Camera.

Use the following template:
1. Introduction: Why it is popular nowadays.
2. Main body: One advantage with a good example, one disadvantage with an example.
3. Conclusion: What piece of advice you can give to the reader.

You may use the connectors:
First of all / Firstly
In addition / Moreover / Furthermore
So /as a result / Therefore
However / On the other hand / In contrast
In conclusion / To sum up / On the whole

Write a short paragraph on the topic “The role of modern gadgets in the life of teenagers”. Pay attention at the grammar accuracy of tenses in your answer.

____________________________________________________________________

Television theories

There are many theories on the effect of television on human being. Here are some of them.
A. The “Television makes you stupid” theory. This theory says that there are many bad programmes on television. If you watch a lot of these programmes they make you stupid and lazy. You don`t think for yourself.
B.The “Television makes you fat” theory. Some studies say that if people watch too much television they get fat. In the United Kingdom and the United States, many people think that children are fat because they watch lots of television and don`t go out to play.
C.The “Television makes you intelligent” theory. Today there are special series with names like Baby Einstein, or Brainy Baby. They say that if babies sit down to watch these programmes they develop more quickly.
D.The “Television makes you frightened” theory. Every day people see crime on documentaries or the news. This theory says that this scares people. They think the world is more dangerous than it really is.
E.The “Television makes you violent” theory. This theory says that young people are violent because they see violence on television. Some people say that modern video games also make young people violent.
F.The “Television makes you ill” theory. Some people believe that if you watch television for too long, it hurts your eyes. Some people say that television gives them headache too.

1. I do not want to go to the city centre at night. The news says there are lots of problems.
2. If I watch television for more than an hour, it hurts my head.
3. Turn off the TV and do some exercise! You watch too much television.
4. My brother watches TV all day. He does not want to do anything else.

Complete the sentences with a proper determiner. Choose between another, other, the next, the other, the others, others, either or neither.

1 John came to see me ____________ day. It was last Friday, I think.
2You can’t use those screwdrivers _____________of them is suitable for the job.
3 I met two strangers on the way to work. One of them greeted me and ______don’t.
4 Some people like to have the windows open all the time; _______________ don’t.
5 I met John a year ago, but I’ve __________seen him nor heard from him since.
6 Say what you like about those two applicants. I didn’t like _________of them!
7 I can’t see him today. I’ll have to see him ___________day.
8 I don’t know who’s on the phone. It’s ____________ your mother or your aunt.
9 We spent the night in a small village and continued our journey ____________day.
10 When shall we meet: at 7 or at 7.30? — I don’t mind __________time is convenient

Make up 5 sentences using first conditional clause with if/unless about modern gadgets. Use a defining relative clause where it is possible.
Example: If I choose a mobile phone, I will choose an i-phone, which is considered to be the most comfortable and popular in the world

Think of somebody, who has taught you something important or influence becoming the way you are. Write a composition about him/her. Use the composition you read to help you. But do not plagiarize.

Criteria for writing:

— give a title to your composition;

— use adjectives for description;

— keep the structure of composition;

— use Past Simple tense;

— express some creative reasoning

__________________________________________________________________________

Look at the headline in the article. Who is ‘the enemy’, do you think? Read the first paragraph only and find out.

1. __________________________
Then read about Marilyn Scott’s family. Who is easier to live with, Tom or Harry? Why?

2. __________________________
Living with the enemy
People often say that living with teenagers is worse than living with any other age group. But is this true? We talked to two parents with teenage children to find out.
Marilyn Scott Yes, sometimes it is really difficult living with teenagers. But it isn’t only their age, it’s also the type of people they are. My two sons are completely different. Tom’s easier to live with than Harry. Harry’s a typical moody fifteen-year-old. He’s a lot noisier and more aggressive than Tom, and he isn’t as considerate. So he’s much harder to live with. But Harry’s got his good side too. He is very bright and his exam results are always better than Tom’s. Tom’s two years older than Harry, so he’s more mature and less stubborn than his brother. He is also a bit more patient and can be very helpful when he wants to be. But he’s got bigger problems at school. He is as intelligent as Harry, but he is much lazier and his exam results are always worse than his brother’s. Harry wants to be a pilot when he leaves school, but Tom doesn’t know what he wants to do.

In some ways I’m a bit more worried about Harry because he is not as happy as Tom. But I also worry about Tom because he has not got any plans for his future. Yes, life is hard living with teenagers, but I’ll miss them when they leave home.

Read the article again. Tick the true sentences. Correct the false ones.

1. Marilyn’s two sons are quite similar.

2. Harry is doing badly at school.

3. Harry knows which job he wants to do.

4. Tom doesn’t study very hard.

5. Tom isn’t very ambitious.

6. Marilyn is only worried about Harry.

Put the adjectives in the box into the two lists. If necessary, use a dictionary to help you. Can you add a few more adjectives to each list?

Read the email below. What does Olivia talk about in the:

• first paragraph? _________________________________________________

• second paragraph? ______________________________________________

• third paragraph? ________________________________________________

• fourth paragraph? _______________________________________________

• fifth paragraph? _________________________________________________

Hi Grace,

1 You missed a great party on Friday. Everyone was there, and we all missed you so much. The food was great and the music was brilliant. I don’t think I’ve ever danced so much in my life.

2 Anyway, let me give you the gossip before anyone else does. I met a really interesting guy at the party. His name’s Harry and he’s from Toronto. I’ve never met a Canadian before. He’s in his last year at school and he’s over here visiting his cousin for the summer holidays.

3 But let me get to the interesting part. Harry must be the best-looking guy I’ve ever met. I mean he’s gorgeous. He’s average height. The first thing that caught my attention was his amazing blue eyes. They’re bright blue, like the colour of the ocean you see in those holiday postcards. I’m not exaggerating, honestly. His nose is quite small. He’s got a great smile too. It’s warm and friendly and you can’t help liking him immediately when he smiles at you.

4 But of course, the most important thing is that he’s a very nice guy too. He’s a very charming person and he made me feel good about myself. He said loads of nice things about me, which is always going to help you like someone, isn’t it? But he’s not just one of these guys who says things without meaning them. He came across as really being interested in me. I told him all about my problems with Lucy and he really listened. He was so sympathetic and he gave me some good advice too. Now, you don’t meet a guy who listens like that every day.

5 Well, the bad news is that he’s going back to Canada next week and I don’t think I’ll see him again. We said we’d email but you know how these things go. Never mind. It was just nice to have met someone so kind. Give me a call later. Love, Olivia

Write a description and tells about person’s behaviour.

1. How does Olivia describe Harry’s eyes and smile? Write similar descriptions of someone’s:

• hair

• build
2. Look back at paragraph four and find two examples of the person’s behaviour.

Write an email to a friend and tell him/her about a person you have met recently.

Criteria for writing:

— write a plan for your email (what each paragraph will be about)

— use adjectives for your email

— spell the topic vocabulary correctly

— proof-read you email (grammar and spelling)

_____________________________________

Make up 10 sentences about your hobby using infinitive or gerund.

1. I would like you…

2. All my friends are interested in…while I am keen on…

3. I spend a lot of time ….

4. I am good at…..

5. It is always interesting …

6. I was excited with …

7. It is always important …

8. … is boring and I hate……

9. I like …. and promise …

10. Don’t be afraid of…

Fill the table. Write down information about yourself in given places (6 of them). Then put headings on each sections.

Listen to an interview and decide who (1-6) refers to and write the appropriate initial next to each one. Choose your answer from the box and write next to the statement.

Who…?

1. looks after their mother ______

2. does a lot of housework ______

3. can’t cook ______

4. doesn’t live with their father ______

5. gives their mother a massage ______

6. never goes out with their phone ______

Make up 5 questions using the table. It is time to interview your classmate.

_____________________________________________________________________

Analyze peer’s answers for some time, then answer to reflective questions in a form Think-Pair-Share.

1) Who or what makes you be the way you are?

2) Why do you have that hobby? Who says to do so?

3) Why do you have that style of clothing? Who says to do so?

4) Why do you have those belongings not others? Who says to do so?

Ask you classmate what he or she thinks about your progress in studies. Then use the questions as plan for your answers. Use conjunctions in your speech and written task. Write a reflection for your studies and set new personal learning objectives.

♦ Where am I going? (What are the goals?)

♦ How am I going? (What progress is being made towards the goal?)

♦ What should be next steps? (What activities need to be undertaken to make better progress?) _____________________________________________________________________________

You will hear five different people talking about their hobby. For Speakers 1-5, choose from the list (A-F) the reason why do they do their hobby. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.

Speaker 1 … A. It will help me get a well-paid job.

Speaker 2… B. It stops me forgetting special times.

Speaker 3… C. It teaches me to think carefully before doing something.

Speaker 4… D. It is a good way to meet people.

Speaker 5… E. It makes me a better student. F. It is a creative thing to do.

Transcript Speaker 1 I love swimming. I’ve been going to a swimming club since I was five and it’s really special to me. The reason I think that this is such a special sport is that it’s trained my body and my mind. Swimming has kept me fit, but I believe it’s also helped me to think more clearly. You know the saying, ‘a healthy body means a healthy mind?’ Well, it’s completely true. I’m sure my schoolwork is better because I am a healthy person. Speaker 2 I’m in the school gymnastics team and we’re doing really well this year-we won the cup in June. It is great to win and you feel good, but the main reason I do gymnastics is to keep fit-I’m always trying to improve my body. I’ve also got to know a lot of people in the team too. When we’re not training, we usually hang out together, so I guess you could say gymnastics is also my social life. The only problem I have is that sometimes we have to do extra training and I find it hard to do that and my homework too. Speaker 3 I belong to an after-school club and we play chess twice a week. It’s great because it’s a game where you really have to use your brain. Some of the members of the club are older than me and they’re very nice to me. They’ve taught me some new moves and my game has really improved. You have to think locally to play the game. Which is good because I think it’s training me to think in the right way and plan things properly. For example, I find that I get on much better with my brother now. We don’t fight like we used to as I think twice before losing my temper. Speaker 4 Oh, I love collections. I’ve been a collector ever since I can remember. When I was little it was teddies and Barbie dolls, and then as I got a bit older, I started collecting stamps and postcards. I’ve got a huge collection of stamps-all my family and friends save them for me. And I always buy cards when I go on holiday. It’s a lovely way to remember a holiday. Whenever I take them out of their box and look at them, all these memories just come rushing back. When I finish school, I’m going to travel around the world and add to my collections. That’s what collecting is to me-a way to remember. Speaker 5 Photography is my hobby. I can’t even remember the first time I picked up a camera. I think taking pictures is something I’ve always done. I know a lot of people take pictures as a way to remember good times and places but I don’t think that’s why I do it. No, It’s the creativity I enjoy. I like making something. Each photo is a picture with a story. You know, it’s art. There are feelings recorded in that picture and there’s the skill of being able to take a good photo. One day I’d like to be a professional photographer.

Answer these questions. Compare different houses of different cultures and express your opinion. Do not forget to use the correct form of the adjective comparison. Teacher can organize learners’ work in pairs.

— Where did Kazak people live in the past?

— Who might live there or might have lived there?

Why do you prefer that type of house to another?

Would you like to live in such a house?

Find out more interesting facts about houses of different cultures using degrees of comparisons.

Useful phrases: I think to live in a … is very… I would never like to live in …. I would rather prefer to live in a … than in a…. I would never like to live in a… I can’t stand living in a… There might be some problems such as…. In such types of houses it is very difficult to …

1. Which of the houses is _____________________________________________ (interesting)?

2. Which of them is _____________________________________________________ (heavy)?

3. Which of them is _______________________________________________________ (light)?

4. Which of the houses is ___________________________________________ (noisy) to live?

5. Which of the houses is ________________________________________________(strange)?

6. Which of houses is __________________________________________ (romantic) to live in?

7. Which of the houses is _____________________________________ (comfortable) to live in?

8. Which of the houses is ______________________________________ (dangerous) to live in?

9. Which of the houses ______________________________________ (inconvenient) to live in?

Fill in the gaps with no more than three words.

In Britain people want to try more 1______________________________in their lives. In Japan most jobs are for life. The children start to work hard

2_______________when they leave primary school. The atmosphere in Junior high school is less relaxed and

3________________.There are about forty students in each class and discipline is

4___________________. Japanese students don’t ask questions because it’s considered rude to

5_____________________. They go to extra classes in the evening and they have

6_______________________hours homework every night.

Transcript

Today we have with us Graham Grant. Graham is now working in England teaching Japanese after two years teaching English in Japan. We want to find out from him about life in a Japanese school. — Graham we all know education is important in every country but they say that in Japan it is even more important, is this true? — Well, yes I think it is true for lots of reasons, but I think there is one main reason. — What is that? — It’s the Japanese attitude to jobs. — Surely a good job is important to most people — Yes of course, but in this country, Britain for example, many people expect to and perhaps want to try more than one job in their lives. You can try lots of things until you find the right job. In Japan it’s different, most jobs are for life. People usually stay with the same company from the time they leave school or University until they retire. So the children must do well at school to get a good job when they leave, because after that it’s too late. — Doesn’t this mean they have to work hard? — Yes it does. The hard work starts at twelve when they leave primary school and move to Junior high school. — What happens then? — Well, the atmosphere is different from Primary School, it’s less relaxed and more competitive. There are about forty pupils in each class and discipline is quite strict. The pupils sit in rows and before each lesson they stand up and bow to the teacher, just as all Japanese people bow to each other when they meet. Politeness and respect are very important in Japan. The teacher talks, the children listen and take notes. They don’t ask questions, it’s considered rude to question a teacher. — It sounds different to many English schools. — Yes it is. And another difference is that they go to school on Saturdays too, so they have six days of school a week. They also go to special extra schools in the evening, so they are busy most of the time and they have three or four hours homework every night. — They must love the holidays. — Yes they do, but they don’t have much holiday. They go back to school because that’s when they have club activities: sport clubs, art clubs, English clubs. — This is all really interesting Graham but it’s time for a final and important question: Do they like school? — Well, yes that’s a question I often asked them and they all said the same: yes we like school because we have no time to be bored and we love all the club activities. — Very interesting I think English schools could learn something from Japan. Thank you for talking to us Graham. I must ring home now and check my daughter is doing her homework and isn’t watching television.

Define whether the sentences TRUE or FALSE:

Transcript

Today we have with us Graham Grant. Graham is now working in England teaching Japanese after two years teaching English in Japan. We want to find out from him about life in a Japanese school. — Graham we all know education is important in every country but they say that in Japan it is even more important, is this true? — Well, yes I think it is true for lots of reasons, but I think there is one main reason. — What is that? — It’s the Japanese attitude to jobs. — Surely a good job is important to most people — Yes of course, but in this country, Britain for example, many people expect to and perhaps want to try more than one job in their lives. You can try lots of things until you find the right job. In Japan it’s different, most jobs are for life. People usually stay with the same company from the time they leave school or University until they retire. So the children must do well at school to get a good job when they leave, because after that it’s too late. — Doesn’t this mean they have to work hard? — Yes it does. The hard work starts at twelve when they leave primary school and move to Junior high school. — What happens then? — Well, the atmosphere is different from Primary School, it’s less relaxed and more competitive. There are about forty pupils in each class and discipline is quite strict. The pupils sit in rows and before each lesson they stand up and bow to the teacher, just as all Japanese people bow to each other when they meet. Politeness and respect are very important in Japan. The teacher talks, the children listen and take notes. They don’t ask questions, it’s considered rude to question a teacher. — It sounds different to many English schools. — Yes it is. And another difference is that they go to school on Saturdays too, so they have six days of school a week. They also go to special extra schools in the evening, so they are busy most of the time and they have three or four hours homework every night. — They must love the holidays. — Yes they do, but they don’t have much holiday. They go back to school because that’s when they have club activities: sport clubs, art clubs, English clubs. — This is all really interesting Graham but it’s time for a final and important question: Do they like school? — Well, yes that’s a question I often asked them and they all said the same: yes we like school because we have no time to be bored and we love all the club activities. — Very interesting I think English schools could learn something from Japan. Thank you for talking to us Graham. I must ring home now and check my daughter is doing her homework and isn’t watching television.

Read the text.

Shopping plays an important role in people’s life. Everyone needs food and clothes. Children can hardly live without toys, books, puzzles, pencils and balls. Teenagers are obsessed with gadgets, jeans and sunglasses. Males adore cars, watches, TV and music devices, sport and fishing facilities. Females love dresses, accessories, cosmetics, jewelries, and perfume. All that can be purchased in supermarkets, boutiques, or shopping centers. Shopping is a money matter. Every item of goods has an individual price, which depends on the goods quality. However, the place where it is exposed for selling can also influence the price. Supermarkets usually offer mass consumption products. The cheapest meat, cheese, drinks, culinary products, fruits and vegetables can be bought there. Expensive brand garments, accessories, jewelries and souvenirs are usually exposed in boutiques and modern shopping centers. Such places are very popular in the periods of season discounts. Many people believe that shopping is one of the household duties. It is necessary to plan finances and control them while shopping. But shopping can be an enjoyable activity held in a trading and entertainment center. This is a possibility to buy the necessary things and have good time with friends or family members. Moreover, purchases for special occasions are very pleasant and involving. They help to recover from everyday stress and have a healing effect. Modern shopping centers offer a relaxing atmosphere with such entertainment as cinemas, cafes, spa, and children playing grounds. Communication with friends and family members can make the shopping amazing! Colorful shopping bags and good memories bring happiness and satisfaction.

Define the sentences as True or False.

1. Men and women enjoy buying different things.

2. The price of the goods can depend on the place where they are sold.

3. Boutiques and modern shopping centers do not have any discounts.

4. Shopping can have a healing effect.

5. Modern shopping centers offer a great choice of goods but no additional entertainment such as cinemas, cafes, spa and children playing grounds.

Completes the sentences. Choose the correct answer. It can be more than one answer for the question.

1) Diego says he buys ______. A) more than he should B) just what he needs C) things on sale

2) He tries to _____ traveling. A) save his money for B) shop only when C) do lots of

3) She says her boyfriend ______. A) bought her lots of stuff B) was good at shopping C) knew what he wanted

4) What else does she say about him? A) They were a bad combination. B) He used his credit card too much. C) They were in Austria together.

5) They talk about buying ______ . A) computer goods B) clothes C) furniture

Transcript Silvia: So Diego, you’ve asked me about shopping, but what about you? Diego: I think that now I have to pay for everything myself I’m a much more conservative shopper so I only buy strictly what I need. Silvia: And that’s all. Diego: I think so, yes. Silvia: But do you have anything that you can’t resist not buying? Diego: Well, I try to save most of my money because I like to travel. Instead of going shopping, I try to save as much as I can, and then when I’m traveling, I can do whatever I want and worry less about money, so that’s where … I mean if I have to say like what is the thing I shop the most, I would say it’s trips. Like I spend most of my disposable income in travels. Silvia: That’s weird because you know I had a boyfriend. He loved to shop. He would shop more than I, I think. Diego: Wow! Silvia: Really good at shopping. We would go to a store, and I really take my time and he will just point, like just this, this, this, this. Try it on. And they will fit it and they were nice. Ok. Let’s go. He was an experienced at shopping. What do you think about that? Diego: Well, I think it’s a very bad combination because if you’re a big shopper and he’s a big shopper, you’re a bigger shopper together. Silvia: I know. Actually, everyone used to bother us. We were studying in Austria for two months and every time we went out just to the store to get, I don’t know, milk or whatever, we will end up coming back with bags of stuff. We would just go out for walking around, and every time we ended up with some bag from shopping. Diego: Yeah, and you know, shopping is like a really bad cycle because once you buy something you have to buy another thing, and then another thing, and another thing. Like if you buy a new computer, you need a new mouse, and then you need a new webcam, and the big speakers and so on I think with girls it’s the same thing. Silvia: But with clothes. Diego: Yes, but with clothes. Silvia: We need the bag and the shoes and the belt. Diego: And one thing gives you another excuse to buy another thing. Silvia: Yeah, that happens to me often actually. Diego: OK, so maybe you should stop using your credit cards. Silvia: Yeah, maybe.

Read the text.
You Are What You Wear Would you ever wear shorts and a T-shirt to a wedding? Would you think about wearing a bikini to work? Of course you wouldn’t, unless you are a little crazy. If you don’t want to look strange, it is important to wear the right clothes for the right occasion. There are basically four different kinds of clothes that you can wear: formal, professional, casual, and stylish. When it comes to wearing formal clothes, for example, to a wedding or to a performance like the opera or ballet, women should wear a nice dress and some jewelry. For men, it should be a dark suit with a tie. If the occasion is a funeral, people usually wear black. For a very formal occasion women should wear an evening gown and men a tuxedo. A very formal event would be something like a charity ball or a fancy party for a high government official. A professional outfit for a woman might be a skirt and a nice blouse. For a man, it would be either a suit and tie or pants with a jacket and tie. Professional clothes shouldn’t be very colorful or have any details that could make you look like you are not being serious. You should wear clothes like these to work, to meetings and interviews, or to business lunches and dinners. Casual clothes are more fun to wear. For casual occasions both men and women can wear jeans, sweaters, or anything they feel comfortable in. Casual clothes might also express something about your personality or your interests. For example, they might have on them the logo of your favorite sports team or the name of a city that you have traveled to. These clothes can be worn in any places where it is all right to just be comfortable. In addition, some businesses now have something called ‘casual Friday’ or ‘dress down Friday’: one day each week on which employees can wear causal clothes to work. Stylish clothes are clothes that are fashionable and that make you look great. Styles change every year, so it can be hard for both men and women to know what to wear to look stylish. The best idea is to take a look at some fashion magazines or to see what celebrities are wearing on TV. Or, be brave and create your own style! The best places to wear stylish clothes include restaurants, nightclubs, and parties. It isn’t easy to dress well. For some people, it can even be stressful. Why can it be so stressful? Well, rightly or wrongly, many people believe the saying that you are what you wear.

Summarize the text by completing the mind map.

Teacher should write ‘clothes styles’ on the board. Learners should brainstorm the ideas on the question: ‘What styles of clothing can they come up with?’ Teacher writes learners’ answers: formal, informal, smart, casual, business, black tie, white tie, street You get a situation according to which you should dress your person. Discuss these questions with your partner.

Think about:

• Who your character is (sex, age, social status)

• What occasion it is (formal/informal)

• What clothes that person should wear

Match the words (1–7) with their synonyms (a–g).

1 claim                              a ranked

2 view                               b found

3 discovered                   c wearing casual or less formal clothes

4 dressing down            d a set of clothes

5 upsides                         e say

6 outfits                           f look at

7 rated                             g benefits

Read the article and mark the sentences as True or False.

1. People thought those who dressed weirdly were unique. _____________

2. The study showed that dressing down was not a sign of confidence. _____________

3. One experiment looked at how sales assistant in Milan see other people. _____________

4. A group of people in sportswear were thought to be bigger spenders. _____________

5. Students ranked a professor in a suit higher than one in a T-shirt. _____________

Researchers claim that people who dress differently get more respect from others. Silvia Bellezza and two professors looked at how we view the social status and competence of people who do not dress ‘normally’. They discovered that the more strangely people dress, the more respect they get. People thought that those with ‘weirder’ fashion were more unique. Many people believe that dressing down is a sign of confidence. Ms. Bellezza said: ‘If you’re willing to deviate, there are upsides.’ Bellezza’s experiments tested how people reacted to non-standard dress. In one, people in different types of clothes shopped at expensive boutiques in Milan. One group wore casual sports clothes, while the other were dressed in expensive-looking outfits. The sales assistants thought the ones in the sportswear were the bigger spenders. In another test, students rated an unshaven professor in a T-shirt above a professor wearing a suit and tie. Bellezza says that well-known CEOs who dress down and wear jeans and sneakers may have changed how we think. In particular, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s wearing of hoodies and the late Steve Jobs’ trademark jeans, sneakers and polo neck tops.

Ask only five questions about your partner’s daily life:

• his/her age

• job • studies

• journey to school

• routine and evening pastimes.

Gather the whole information about your partner into the short comments

Write “A Day in the Life” of your partner. You should use the information you got from your partner as a springboard, but you should use their imagination and powers of empathy to fill in details you don’t know. You should try to imagine what life is like for your partner and how he/she feels about his/her life.

When you have finished you should give your descriptions to your partner, read the description of his/her life and then ask/tell your partner if it is a good description of his/your everyday life.

Read the excerpt from a discussion between the professor of a business class and a guest speaker. Notice the words in bold. Read each statement. Teacher should pay attention to the usage of comparative degree adjective/adverb structures

Online Reviews: ★ or ★★★★?

Circle TRUE or FALSE.

1. Dennis thinks that online reviews are not very important in marketing. TRUE FALSE

2. Newspaper ads used to be more effective. TRUE FALSE

3. Some marketing people have a negative opinion of online reviews. TRUE FALSE

4. Customers with problems are more likely to write online reviews. TRUE FALSE

5. Online shoppers won’t buy a product if they see a negative review. TRUE FALSE

6. Positive online reviews aren’t very valuable. TRUE FALSE

Complete each sentence with as…as and the adverbs in brackets. You should change adjective in parentheses into adverb.

1. I drive____________________ (careful) as you do.

2. Mark plays the guitar_________ (good) Nancy does.

3. He shops online__________________ (frequent) I do.

4. Microwave ovens work_____________ (good) regular ovens.

5. Motorcycles go __________ (fast) cars.

6. A smartphone send messages _________ (quick) a laptop.
7. My mother speaks English __________ (good) my father.

8. Gabi goes shopping ___________ (often) Linda.

1. My son doesn’t visit us as frequently as my daughter.

2. Tom runs less fast than Steven.

3. This old fan works less efficiently than the new fan.

4. Adam doesn’t exercise as frequently as he used to.

5. The new tablet starts up less quickly than the old one.

Explain: What do you do on a normal day?

Write down five things you think your partner would do if he/she had an extra day in the week. When you have finished writing your sentences you should read them to your partner, for example: “If you had an extra day, I think you’d spend more time with your children.” Your partner should say whether the sentence is right or not.

Teacher writes the following question on the board: ‘If you had an extra day in the week, what could you do?’ Keep students in the same pairs and ask them to write down five things they think their partner would do if they had an extra day in the week. After reading these sentences in pairs teacher should get feedback from the whole class and then ask learners if they would do any of the activities on their extra day.

Write a composition which starts with the words: “If I had an extra day in the week I could …”Pay attention to punctuation marks in your written text.

Answer the questions about yourself.

1. Are there many people in your world?

2. What can you say about your parents?

3. Who is your best friend?

4. What do you like to do together?

5. Is your friend a good person?

6. Why do you like her/him?

7. What else do you like to do?

8. How do you spend your free time?

9. Do you like music? Which one?

10. Is computer important to you? Why?

11. What do you do with the help of the computer?

12. What is your favourite site?

13. Do you send any e-mails?